Opis: Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - M Crane

This title examines the current state of the science. Surface water sampling programs across the globe have shown the presence of many different classes of medicines. The potential risks associated with the release of these medicines into the environment have become an increasingly important issue for environmental regulators. "Effects of Veterinary Medicines in the Environment" examines the current state of the science in evaluating the potential risks of veterinary medicines to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. An international panel provide guidance. The book brings together more than 30 experts, from eight countries, with expertise in risk assessment, environmental toxicology and chemistry, and environmental policy and regulation. These experts provide guidance, based on standard risk assessment approaches, on how to assess the environmental effects of veterinary medicines.The text discusses pathways to the environment, exposure and effects assessment, and risk assessment and management in terrestrial and aquatic environments. It reviews classes of veterinary medicines and current regulations, identifies the environmental fate of the medicines, and assesses the use of read-across, QSAR, and other modeling approaches. It has a detailed coverage of technical approaches. An examination of the current state of the science, the book provides integrated content in a single source. It provides detailed coverage of technical approaches that helps practitioners better understand the environmental risks of veterinary medicines.Introduction, M. Crane, K. Barrett, and A. Boxall References Use of Veterinary Medicines in the Environment, A. Boxall, M. Crane, C. Corsing, C. Eirkson, and A. Tait Introduction Veterinary Medicine Use Pathways to the Environment Summary References Environmental Risk Assessment and Management of Veterinary Medicines, J. de Knecht, T. Boucard, B. Brooks, M. Crane, S. Gerould, J. Koschorreck, G. Scheef, K. Solomon, and Z. YanIntroduction Veterinary medicines in regulatory perspective Refinement of VMP Risk Assessments Risk Management References Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Aquatic Systems, C. Metcalfe, A. Boxall, K. Fenner, D. Kolpin, M. Servos, E. Silberhorn, and J. Staveley Introduction Sources of Veterinary Medicines in the Aquatic Environment Experimental Studies into the Entry, FATE, and Transport of Veterinary Medicines in Aquatic Systems Conclusions References Assessing the Aquatic Hazards of Veterinary Medicines, B.W. Brooks, G.T. Ankley, J.F. Hobson, J.M. Lazorchak, R.D. Meyerhoff, and K.R. Solomon Introduction Protection Goals Approaches to Assess Effects of Veterinary Medicines Application Factors and Species Sensitivities Effects of Veterinary Medicines in the Natural Environment Conclusions References Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Terrestrial Systems, L. Pope, A. Boxall, C. Corsing, B. Halling-Sorensen, A. Tait, and E. Topp Introduction Absorption and Excretion by Animals Fate during Manure Storage Releases to the Environment Factors Affecting Dissipation in the Farm Environment Uptake by Plants Models for Estimating the Concentration of Veterinary Medicine in Soil Research Needs References Assessing the Effects of Veterinary Medicines on the Terrestrial Environment, K. Barrett, K. Floate, J. Jensen, J. Robinson, and N. Tolson Introduction Considerations Unique to Veterinary Medicines Protection Goals Tiered Testing Strategy Justification for Existing Testing Methods Use of Indicator Species Short-Term/Sublethal Effects Tests Tier A Testing Tier B Testing Tier C Testing Calculation of PNEC Concentrations and Use of Assessment Factors Metabolite Testing in Tiers A and B Secondary Poisoning Bound Residues Alternative Endpoints Modeling Population and Ecosystem Effects (e.g., Bioindicator Approaches) Research Needs References Workshop Conclusions and Recommendations, M. Crane, K. Barrett, and A. Boxall Workshop Conclusions Workshop Recommendations Index

Szczegóły: Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - M Crane

Tytuł: Veterinary Medicines in the Environment
Autor: M Crane
Producent: CRC Press Inc.
ISBN: 9781420084245
Rok produkcji: 2008
Ilość stron: 224
Oprawa: Twarda
Waga: 0.48 kg

Recenzje: Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - M Crane