Opis: Annual Editions World Politics 04/05 - Helen E. Purkitt, Purkitt

This twenty-fifth edition of "Annual Editions: World Politics", which is revised each year, contains articles addressing international political economy, North America, Latin America, Europe, Russia and the Former Soviet States, The Pacific Basin, The Middle East and Africa, and international organizations and global issues. This reader is complemented by a free student website, Dushkin Online, which provides links to related Web sites and study support tools.UNIT 1. New World Order 1. Clash of Globalizations, Stanley Hoffmann, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2002 The events of September 11, 2001 marked the beginning of a new era, but how the events translate into global politics is moot. Stanley Hoffman summarizes current approaches used to understand international relations and concludes that three realities characterize the modern state system: Great powers rivalries have not disappeared; interstate war is less common; all states' foreign policies are increasingly shaped by domestic politics in addition to economic and military power. 2. War, Lawrence Freedman, Foreign Policy, July/August 2003 Modern wars range from preemptive wars by the United States using high-tech arsenals to swiftly defeat third world regimes to brutal civil wars. Lawrence Freedman examines several generalizations about the nature of war and concludes, among other things that future warfare will most likely be asymmetric conflicts that will be difficult ones for the United States to win and will involve large numbers of casualties. 3. The Protean Enemy, Jessica Stern, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2003 Al Qaeda survives by constantly evolving, adapting its mission, working with new groups, recruiting new members, and by maintaining virtual networks worldwide through the use of the Internet. To be effective, Western counter-terrorist tactics must also be highly adaptive. Stern recommends appealing to radical Islamic revivalists who oppose violence and working to prevent al Qaeda from acquiring weapons of mass destruction. 4. A World of Exiles, The Economist, January 4, 2003 Emigres have long sought to pressure the government in their adopted home. Today emigres are also making their influence felt in their home countries. The mingling of homeland interests with concerns back home explains many aspects of modern international relations. Thus, diaspora members helped Croatia win early international recognition and paid for much of Eritrea's war with Ethiopia. 5. The People's Sovereignty, George Soros, Foreign Policy, January/February 2004 George Soros, a philanthropist who has given more than $5 billion to populist causes, expalins how the priciple of sovereignty can block efforts to help people in other nation-states. His foundation's approach for overcoming this barrier is to give money directly to support local governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). UNIT 2. World Economy 6. Charging Ahead, Joshua Kurlantzick, The Washington Monthly, May 2003 For decades the American consumer market helped drive the world economy. Americans spent and foreigners invested in the U.S. economy. Joshua Kurlantzick explains how America's biggest new export credit cards could have perverse and unintended negative consequences throughout the world that might bring down the world economy. 7. The Market for Civil War, Paul Collier, Foreign Policy, May/June 2003 A recent study of civil conflict over the past 40 years finds that poverty and illegal trade in natural resources, rather than ancient political feuds and ethnic tensions, are the main causes of civil wars. 8. From Petro to Agro: Seeds of a New Economy, Robert E. Armstrong, Defense Horizons, October 2002 As the world shifts from a hydrocarbon molecule based economy to a bio-based economy, genes will replace petroleum as the basic unit of commerce. National security implications accompanying this shift may include a downgrading of the importance of dealings with oil-rich countries and an increase in conflicts between gene-rich but technologically-poor states and gene-poor but technologically-rich nations over who will control access to high valued genes used in commercial applications. UNIT 3. Weapons of Mass Destruction 9. Ex-Inspector Says C.I.A. Missed Disarray in Iraqi Arms Program, James Risen, The New York Times, January 26, 2004 Former head of the U.S. Iraqi Inspection Team, David A. Kay, reported that Iraq's WMD programs were in a state of disarray in the years prior to the U.S. invasion and that the program has plunged into a "vortex of corruption" in the late 1990s. According to Kay, U.S. intelligence missed signs of the chaos in the Iraqi WMD program due to an over-reliance on intelligence from spy satellites, intercepted communications, foreign spies, defectors, and exiles. 10. The Nuclear Crisis on the Korean Peninsula: Avoiding the Road to Perdition, Selig S. Harrison, Current History, April 2003 If the United States confronts North Korea it is likely to exacerbate the nuclear crisis and undermine United States relations with Northeast Asia. Instead of confrontation, the Task Force on U.S.-Korea Policy recommends a policy of constructive engagement with friends and allies in the region to help exert maximum pressure on North Korea and pursue a long-term policy of liberalizing the North Korean system. 11. N. Korea Shops Stealthily for Nuclear Arms Gear, Joby Warrick, Washington Post, August 15, 2003 An intercepted French cargo ship was found to be carrying aluminum pipes that were ultimately destined for North Korea's secret nuclear bomb program. The captured ship offered a "glimpse into the shadowy world of weapons proliferation, in which missile parts and bomb materials circle the globe undetected, secreted away in cargo containers and suitcases." This "gray zone" of proliferation persists due to weak states, open borders, lack of controls, and a ready market of buyers and sellers for weapons of mass destruction. 12. Nuclear Nightmares, Bill Keller, The New York Times Magazine, May 26, 2002 "Experts on terrorism and proliferation agree that sooner or later, an attack will happen in the United States. When and how remain the most challenging questions." Given the difficulties involved in obtaining the amount of fissile materials needed for a full-fledged bomb, many experts are now predicting that terrorists are most likely to use radiation and other nuclear materials to cause disruptions, terror, and deaths. 13. Towards an Internet Civil Defence Against Bioterrorism, Ronald E. LaPorte et al., The Lancet Infectious Diseases, September 2001 There is little evidence that the large resources put into bioterrorism preparedness work. We must face the disturbing fact that it is very difficult to predict and guard against bioterrorism because there are too many targets, too many means to penetrate the targets, and the bioterrorists are crafty. Instead of building an inflexible Maginot line defence as we are now, perhaps we should consider an ever alert, flexible electronic-matrix of civil defense. UNIT 4. North America Part A. The United States 14. Bush's Revolution, Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay, Current History, Volume 102, No 667, November 2003 Bush's foreign policy has been desinged to challenge the existing order. Daalder and Lindsay review how his doctrines and actions have changed the course of American foreign policy and explain how the consequences of his actions will be felt for years to come. 15. Supremacy by Stealth: Ten Rules for Managing the World, Robert D. Kaplan, The Atlantic Monthly, July/August 2003 Robert Kaplan offers some rules and tactics of how the United States should operate on a tactical level to manage an unruly world. 16. The Watchful and the Wary, Robert Dreyfuss, Mother Jones, July/August 2003 The War on Terrorism has changed a 30-year prohibition on the FBI and CIA from spying on Americans. Today, the FBI and CIA are building a massive intelligence network designed to spy on terrorists and on everyday Americans. Temporary actions after September 11, 2001 are not a permanent routine aspect of law enforcement. Part B. Canada 17. Economic Crossroads on the Line, Michael Grunwald, Washington Post, December 26, 2001 After September 11th the United States and Canada moved to increase barriers along their 5,500 mile frontier. The dramatic costs of doing so have helped energize long-term commitments from both nations to use technology to create a "smarter border" to increase security. Nevertheless, the changes created delays for Canadians, 90 percent of who live within 100 miles of the border, and highlighted attitudinal differences between citizens of the two countries on several issues related to the War on Terrorism. 18. Canada Links Arrest of 19 to Possible Terrorism Ties, Clifford Krauss, The New York Times, August 24, 2003 Canadian security officials for possible ties to terrorism detained several immigrants from Pakistan after they were found taking flying lessons at a school near an Ontario nuclear power plant. UNIT 5. Latin America 19. Free Trade on Trial, The Economist, January 3, 2004 On the tenth anniversary, the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA) remains unpopular in all three countries: the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Intra-area trade and foreign investment expanded greatly but economic growth in Mexico has been dismal, manufacturing jobs have declined in the United States, and environmental problems associated with the Maquiladora cluster has worsened. Most now agree that the benefits of the free trade agreement were overstated. 20. Latin America's New Political Leaders: Walking on a Wire, Michael Shifter, Current History, February 2003 "Today's underlying political currents in Latin America are less about ideology and more about a public desire to find leaders who can effectively address everyday problems, and who do so honestly. The formulas of the past are questioned whether 'socialism' in the 1970s or 'neoliberalism' in the 1990s and largely dismissed. With traditional ideas and structures breaking apart, new leaders are being called on to produce results." UNIT 6. Europe Part A. West Europe 21. Europe Enlarged, America Detached?, Simon Serfaty, Current History, March 2003 The single currency in 2002, enlargement to 10 new members in 2002, the constitutional convention initiated in 2003, and the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) scheduled for 2004 are marks of the final transformation of Europe. While the EU is achieving a new territorial and political synthesis, NATO has increasingly become an afterthought. Serfaty describes the "new normalcy" and urges more, not less, integration between the EU and NATO. 22. America as European Hegemon, Christopher Layne, The National Interest, Summer 2003 Layne describes U.S. aims in Eurpoe during the post-war period to illustrate that the United States has always sought to assert its hegemony and France and Germany seek to create a European counter balance to U.S. hegemony. Within a widened Europe, France and Germany with Russia and sometimes China are developing new habits of diplomatic cooperation to oppose Washington, while the United Kingdom and newer members of a widened Europe work closely with the United States. 23. Forget Asylum-Seekers: It's the People Inside who Count, The Economist, May 10, 2003 "The real issue for European societies is not how to keep new foreigners out but how to integrate the minorities they already have." 24. How the Armies of Europe Let Their Guard Down, Philip Shiskin, Wall Street Journal, February 18, 2003 The 17 European countries in NATO have about 2.3 million active-duty troops, about a million more than the U.S. does. But many of NATO's European national forces are poorly equipped, in part because so much money is spent on pay and benefits for a substantially older military force than those maintained by the United States. While the U.S. spends 36% of its defense budget on pay and benefits, most NATO members earmark an average of 65%. Personnel expenditures leave much less for technology, weapons, and other gear a modern force needs. Part B. Central Europe 25. A Nervous New Arrival on the European Union's Block, The Economist, August 30, 2003 With nearly 40 million people, Poland accounts for roughly half the population and half the GDP of all ten incoming countries joining the European Union in 2004. But it must also do the most to get into shape. Poland sees EU membership as playing a big part in its future security but also hopes that the EU keeps rolling eastward. UNIT 7. Former Soviet Union 26. US-Russian Relations: Between Realism and Reality, Celeste A. Wallander, Current History, October 2003 The United States and Russia have tried to form a strategic partnership but "competing interests, divergent domestic views, and mismatched political and economic systems keep getting in the way." 27. The Terrorist Notebooks, Martha Brill Olcott and Bakhtiyar Babajanov, Foreign Policy, March/April 2003 Excerpts from a young man recruited for jihad as one of a group of Central Asians, mostly Uzbek by nationality, describes their training at local terrorist schools in the mid-1990s. While many of these recruits were killed during U.S. bombings in Afghanistan, there remain many young people with limited education and diminishing economic prospects who live in communities throughout Central Asia that are likely to be future recruits for radical forms of Islam. UNIT 8. The Pacific Basin 28. Changing Course on China, Elizabeth Economy, Current History, September 2003 Relations between China and the United States changed from strategic competitors to partners against terror after September 11, 2001 but Taiwan, human rights, and trade issues remain sticking points. 29. How to Deal with North Korea, James T. Laney and Jason T. Shaplen, Foreign Affairs, March/April 2003 "Pyongyang's belligerent behavior should not obscure other dramatic conciliatory steps North Korea has taken in recent years steps suggesting that, even now, a solution is within reach. The trick is to craft a plan that does not reward the North for its misdeeds. In such a plan, all major outside powers should guarantee the security of the entire Korean Peninsula first. This will remove Pyongyang's excuse for nuclear proliferation and break the deadlock on the world's last Cold War frontier." 30. Can India Overtake China?, Yasheng Huang and Tarun Khanna, Foreign Policy, July/August 2003 While China's export-led manufacturing boom is largely a creation of foreign direct investment (FDI), India has spawned a number of domestic entrepreneurs that now compete internationally with the best that Europe and the United States has to offer. India's stronger infrastructure, and more efficient capital markets and legal system are additional reasons why India's homegrown entrepreneurs may have a long-term advantage over China's inefficient banks and capital markets. 31. Dangerous Neighbours, Ahmed Rashid, Far Eastern Economic Review, January 9, 2003 Several of Afghanistan's neighbors are keen to sponsor rival warlords much like they did in the early 1990s. The United States fears that the country will split along ethnic lines if U.S. troups leave. Meanwhile, 90 percent of the attacks they face in the country are coming from groups based in Pakistan. Peace will require a stronger central government and economic development. UNIT 9. Middle East and Africa Part A. The Middle East 32. "Why Do They Hate Us?", Peter Ford, The Christian Science Monitor, September 27, 2001 In this report, a variety of Muslims from different backgrounds, including those who are sympathetic toward the United States, explain why the carnage of September 11, 2001, was considered to be retribution for 50 years of U.S. policies in the region. 33. The Reluctant Nation Builders, Alan Sorensen, Current History, December 2003 The Bush administration experiment with nation-building in Iraq was not based on an extensive post-war plan or lessons from other recent nation-building exercises. Sorensen explains why America's makeshift attempt to remake Iraq could prove hard to sustain. "If Iraq descends into chaos or comes to be regarded as a costly distraction from the war on terror instead of its central front, American resolve could falter." 34. The Fall of the House of Saud, Robert Baer, The Atlantic Monthly, May 2003 Americans long considered Saudi Arabia a politically stable and friendly government that provided lucrative business relationships. "But the country is run by an increasingly dysfunctional royal family that has been funding militant Islamic movements abroad in an attempt to protect itself from them at home. Robert Baer, a former CIA operative, explains why today's Saudi Arabia can't last much longer and why the social and economic fallout of its demise could be calamitous. Part B. Sub-Saharan Africa 35. America and Africa, Salih Booker, William Minter, and Ann-Louise Colgan, Current History, May 2003 "Africa's issues are global issues HIV/AIDS, human development, new models for economic growth, peace, and democracy. Worldwide consciousness of HIV/AIDS pandemic has even forced its way into the pages of a United States president's State of the Union address. In practice, however, priorities are being set by another agenda a war agenda." UNIT 10. International Organizations and Global Issues 36. United Nations, Madeleine K. Albright, Foreign Policy, September/October 2003 The former Secretary of State explains why despite all its problems, the United Nations remains the world's best hope against disease, poverty, global crime, and war and all at a reasonable price. 37. The Five Wars of Globalization, Moises Naim, Foreign Policy, January/February 2003 In addition to terrorism, governments are fighting wars against other networks involved in drugs, arms, intellectual property, people, and money. Governments will lose these wars until they adopt new strategies to deal with a larger, unprecedented struggle that now shapes the world as much as confrontations between nation-states once did.

Szczegóły: Annual Editions World Politics 04/05 - Helen E. Purkitt, Purkitt

Tytuł: Annual Editions World Politics 04/05
Autor: Helen E. Purkitt, Purkitt
Producent: McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 9780072861570
Rok produkcji: 2004
Ilość stron: 256
Oprawa: Miękka
Waga: 0.57 kg

Recenzje: Annual Editions World Politics 04/05 - Helen E. Purkitt, Purkitt