Opis: Petroleum Production Systems - Ding Zhu, Christine Ehlig-Economides, A. Daniel Hill

The Definitive Guide to Petroleum Production Systems-Now Fully Updated With the Industry's Most Valuable New Techniques Petroleum Production Systems, Second Edition, is the comprehensive source for clear and fundamental methods for about modern petroleum production engineering practice. Written by four leading experts, it thoroughly introduces modern principles of petroleum production systems design and operation, fully considering the combined behavior of reservoirs, surface equipment, pipeline systems, and storage facilities. Long considered the definitive text for production engineers, this edition adds extensive new coverage of hydraulic fracturing, with emphasis on well productivity optimization. It presents new chapters on horizontal wells and well performance evaluation, including production data analysis and sand management. This edition features * A structured approach spanning classical production engineering, well testing, production logging, artificial lift, and matrix and hydraulic fracture stimulation* Revisions throughout to reflect recent innovations and extensive feedback from both students and colleagues* Detailed coverage of modern best practices and their rationales* Unconventional oil and gas well design* Many new examples and problems* Detailed data sets for three characteristic reservoir types: an undersaturated oil reservoir, a saturated oil reservoir, and a gas reservoirForeword xv Preface xvii About the Authors xix Chapter 1: The Role of Petroleum Production Engineering 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Components of the Petroleum Production System 2 1.3 Well Productivity and Production Engineering 11 1.4 Units and Conversions 15 References 18 Chapter 2: Production from Undersaturated Oil Reservoirs 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Steady-State Well Performance 19 2.3 Transient Flow of Undersaturated Oil 24 2.4 Pseudosteady-State Flow 26 2.5 Wells Draining Irregular Patterns 30 2.6 Inflow Performance Relationship 34 2.7 Effects of Water Production, Relative Permeability 37 2.8 Summary of Single-Phase Oil Inflow Performance Relationships 39 References 39 Problems 39 Chapter 3: Production from Two-Phase Reservoirs 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Properties of Saturated Oil 42 3.3 Two-Phase Flow in a Reservoir 53 3.4 Oil Inflow Performance for a Two-Phase Reservoir 55 3.5 Generalized Vogel Inflow Performance 56 3.6 Fetkovich's Approximation 57 References 58 Problems 58 Chapter 4: Production from Natural Gas Reservoirs 61 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Correlations and Useful Calculations for Natural Gases 66 4.3 Approximation of Gas Well Deliverability 76 4.4 Gas Well Deliverability for Non-Darcy Flow 79 4.5 Transient Flow of a Gas Well 84 References 91 Problems 93 Chapter 5: Production from Horizontal Wells 95 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Steady-State Well Performance 97 5.3 Pseudosteady-State Flow 103 5.4 Inflow Performance Relationship for Horizontal Gas Wells 114 5.5 Two-Phase Correlations for Horizontal Well Inflow 115 5.6 Multilateral Well Technology 116 References 117 Problems 119 Chapter 6: The Near-Wellbore Condition and Damage Characterization; Skin Effects 121 6.1 Introduction 121 6.2 Hawkins' Formula 122 6.3 Skin Components for Vertical and Inclined Wells 126 6.4 Skin from Partial Completion and Well Deviation 128 6.5 Horizontal Well Damage Skin Effect 134 6.6 Well Completion Skin Factors 138 6.7 Formation Damage Mechanisms 151 6.8 Sources of Formation Damage During Well Operations 157 References 163 Problems 165 Chapter 7: Wellbore Flow Performance 167 7.1 Introduction 167 7.2 Single-Phase Flow of an Incompressible, Newtonian Fluid 168 7.3 Single-Phase Flow of a Compressible, Newtonian Fluid 179 7.4 Multiphase Flow in Wells 184 References 214 Problems 215 Chapter 8: Flow in Horizontal Wellbores, Wellheads, and Gathering Systems 217 8.1 Introduction 217 8.2 Flow in Horizontal Pipes 217 8.3 Flow through Chokes 236 8.4 Surface Gathering Systems 247 8.5 Flow in Horizontal Wellbores 250 References 256 Problems 258 Chapter 9: Well Deliverability 261 9.1 Introduction 261 9.2 Combination of Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) and Vertical Flow Performance (VFP) 262 9.3 IPR and VFP of Two-Phase Reservoirs 268 9.4 IPR and VFP in Gas Reservoirs 270 Problems 274 Chapter 10: Forecast of Well Production 275 10.1 Introduction 275 10.2 Transient Production Rate Forecast 275 10.3 Material Balance for an Undersaturated Reservoir and Production Forecast Under Pseudosteady-State Conditions 277 10.4 The General Material Balance for Oil Reservoirs 281 10.5 Production Forecast from a Two-Phase Reservoir: Solution Gas Drive 286 10.6 Gas Material Balance and Forecast of Gas Well Performance 294 References 296 Problems 297 Chapter 11: Gas Lift 299 11.1 Introduction 299 11.2 Well Construction for Gas Lift 299 11.3 Continuous Gas-Lift Design 303 11.4 Unloading Wells with Multiple Gas-Lift Valves 310 11.5 Optimization of Gas-Lift Design 312 11.6 Gas-Lift Performance Curve 316 11.7 Gas-Lift Requirements versus Time 328 References 332 Problems 333 Chapter 12: Pump-Assisted Lift 335 12.1 Introduction 335 12.2 Positive-Displacement Pumps 338 12.3 Dynamic Displacement Pumps 354 12.4 Lifting Liquids in Gas Wells; Plunger Lift 359 References 362 Problems 362 Chapter 13: Well Performance Evaluation 365 13.1 Introduction 365 13.2 Open-Hole Formation Evaluation 366 13.3 Cased Hole Logs 368 13.4 Transient Well Analysis 387 References 438 Problems 439 Chapter 14: Matrix Acidizing: Acid/Rock Interactions 443 14.1 Introduction 443 14.2 Acid-Mineral Reaction Stoichiometry 446 14.3 Acid-Mineral Reaction Kinetics 453 14.4 Acid Transport to the Mineral Surface 460 14.5 Precipitation of Acid Reaction Products 461 References 464 Problems 466 Chapter 15: Sandstone Acidizing Design 469 15.1 Introduction 469 15.2 Acid Selection 470 15.3 Acid Volume and Injection Rate 472 15.4 Fluid Placement and Diversion 496 15.5 Preflush and Postflush Design 509 15.6 Acid Additives 512 15.7 Acidizing Treatment Operations 512 References 513 Problems 516 Chapter 16: Carbonate Acidizing Design 519 16.1 Introduction 519 16.2 Wormhole Formation and Growth 522 16.3 Wormhole Propagation Models 525 16.4 Matrix Acidizing Design for Carbonates 535 16.5 Acid Fracturing 541 16.6 Acidizing of Horizontal Wells 554 References 555 Problems 558 Chapter 17: Hydraulic Fracturing for Well Stimulation 559 17.1 Introduction 559 17.2 Length, Conductivity, and Equivalent Skin Effect 562 17.3 Optimal Fracture Geometry for Maximizing the Fractured Well Productivity 566 17.4 Fractured Well Behavior in Conventional Low-Permeability Reservoirs 574 17.5 The Effect of Non-Darcy Flow on Fractured Well Performance 579 17.6 Fractured Well Performance for Unconventional Tight Sand or Shale Reservoirs 585 17.7 Choke Effect for Transverse Hydraulic Fractures 592 References 594 Problems 597 Chapter 18: The Design and Execution of Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments 601 18.1 Introduction 601 18.2 The Fracturing of Reservoir Rock 602 18.3 Fracture Geometry 609 18.4 The Created Fracture Geometry and Net Pressure 616 18.5 Fracturing Fluids 635 18.6 Proppants and Fracture Conductivity 642 18.7 Fracture Diagnostics 646 18.8 Fracturing Horizontal Wells 651 References 655 Problems 657 Chapter 19: Sand Management 661 19.1 Introduction 661 19.2 Sand Flow Modeling 662 19.3 Sand Management 676 19.4 Sand Exclusion 677 19.5 Completion Failure Avoidance 698 References 699 Problems 702 Appendix A: 703 Appendix B: 705 Appendix C: 709 Index 711

Szczegóły: Petroleum Production Systems - Ding Zhu, Christine Ehlig-Economides, A. Daniel Hill

Tytuł: Petroleum Production Systems
Autor: Ding Zhu, Christine Ehlig-Economides, A. Daniel Hill
Producent: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 9780137031580
Rok produkcji: 2012
Ilość stron: 752
Oprawa: Twarda
Waga: 1.08 kg

Recenzje: Petroleum Production Systems - Ding Zhu, Christine Ehlig-Economides, A. Daniel Hill