Opis: Genetics of Human Pain Perception - Luda Diatchenko, Inna Belfer

Pain Genetics: Basic to Translational Science is a timely synthesis of the key areas of research informing our understanding of the genetic basis of pain. The book opens with foundational information on basic genetic mechanisms underlying pain perception and progresses recently discovered complex concepts facing the field. The coverage is wide-ranging and will serves as an excellent entry point into understating the genetics of pain as well as providing a single resource for established researchers looking for a better understanding of the diverse strands of research going on in the area. With contributors painstakingly selected to provide a broad range of perspectives and research, Pain Genetics will be a valuable resource for geneticists, neuroscientists, and biomedical professionals alike.Editors' Biographies xi Contributors xiii 1 How Do Pain Genes Affect Pain Experience? 1 Marshall Devor Introduction 2 Heritability of Pain: Historical Roots 2 Why is Pain Genetics Interesting and Potentially Useful? 4 What Are Pain Genes? 8 How Do Pain Genes Affect Pain Experience? 9 Disease Susceptibility Genes Versus Pain Susceptibility Genes 12 Perspective 13 Acknowledgments 13 2 Conservation of Pain Genes Across Evolution 15 Thang Manh Khuong and G. Greg Neely Introduction 15 Anatomical Organization of Nociception Apparatus in Mammals and Drosophila 16 Acute Heat Pain in Mammals 16 Acute Heat Nociception in Drosophila 18 Mechanical Pain in Mammals 19 Mechanical Nociception in Drosophila 19 Chemical Nociception in Mammals 21 Chemical Nociception in Drosophila 21 Inflammatory Pain in Mammals 22 Persistent Pain in Drosophila 22 Neuropathic Pain in Mammals 25 Structural Reorganizations of Nerve Fibers in Neuropathic Pain 25 Mammalian Neuropathic Pain Genes That Are Conserved in Drosophila 25 Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression in Neuropathic Pain in Mammals 28 Neuropathic Pain in Drosophila 30 Conclusions 30 3 Defining Human Pain Phenotypes for Genetic Association Studies 37 Christopher Sivert Nielsen Introduction 37 What is a Pain Phenotype? 38 Pain Scaling 39 Heritability 40 Genotype--Phenotype Matching 41 Reliability and Temporal Stability 41 Clinical Phenotypes 43 Designing Clinical Pain Genetic Studies 43 The Heritability of Specific Clinical Pain Conditions 45 Experimental Phenotypes 45 The Heritability of Experimental Phenotypes 46 Extended Phenotypes 47 Practical Concerns 47 Conclusions 48 Conflict of Interest Statement 48 4 Genetic Contributions to Pain and Analgesia: Interactions with Sex and Stress 51 Roger B. Fillingim and Jeffrey S. Mogil Introduction 51 Brief Overview of Sex and Gender Differences in Pain and Analgesia 52 Brief Overview of Stress and Pain/Analgesia 52 Sex X Gene Interactions in Pain and Analgesia 53 Summary 57 5 Abnormal Pain Conditions in Humans Related to Genetic Mutations 61 Christopher Geoffrey Woods Introduction to SCN9A, NTRK1, and NGF and the Roles They Play in Pain 61 Introduction to SCN9A and Its Omnipotent Role in Pain Sensing 62 Introduction to NTRK1 and Its Role in Development and Function in the Pain and Sympathetic Nervous Systems 69 Introduction to NGF, the First Nerve Growth Factor to Be Found and Studied 72 6 Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing of Mu Opioid Receptor Gene: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Complex Actions of Mu Opioids 79 Ying-Xian Pan Introduction 79 Evolution of OPRM1 Gene 80 OPRM1 Gene: Chromosomal Location and Gene Structure 82 Alternative Promoters 82 Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing of the OPRM1 Gene 83 Expression and Function of the OPRM1 Splice Variants 90 Conclusion 94 7 Discovering Multilocus Associations with Complex Pain Phenotypes 99 Chia-Ling Kuo, Luda Diatchenko, and Dmitri Zaykin Introduction 99 Approaches Based on Testing Individual Genetic Variants Within a Region 100 Approaches That Combine Association Signals Across Genetic Variants 101 Methods for Testing Joint Effects of Multiple Genetic Variants 102 Multilocus Analysis of Mu Opioid Receptor Haplotypes 103 Two-Stage Multilocus Association Analysis: Collapsing SNPs with Adjustment for Effect Directions 104 Two-Stage Approach: Simulations 107 Two-Stage Approach: Results 108 Discussion 111 Acknowledgments 113 8 Overlapping Phenotypes: Genetic Contribution to Nausea and Pain 115 Charles C. Horn Introduction 115 What is the Functional Role of Nausea and Vomiting? 117 Pain Syndromes with Significant Nausea 118 The Neuropharmacology of Nausea and Emesis 119 Emetic and Antiemetic Action of Opioids 121 Preclinical Studies of Nausea and Vomiting 122 Heritability of Nausea and Vomiting Phenotypes 123 Human Genetic Sequence Variants Associated with Nausea and Vomiting 124 Summary and Future Directions 125 9 A Counterpart to Pain: Itch 131 Adam P. Kardon and Sarah E. Ross Introduction 131 Why Do We Scratch? 132 The Basics of Itch 132 So How is Itch Coded? 133 Measuring Itch in Mice 134 Genetic Models of Itch 135 A Key Role for the Skin in Itch 141 A Shift in the Balance of Pain and Itch 141 Genetic Variation and Itch in Humans -- Challenges for the Future 143 Acknowledgments 143 10 Translating Genetic Knowledge into Clinical Practice for Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions 147 Luda Diatchenko, Shad B. Smith, and William Maixner Introduction 147 Results of Human Association Studies 148 Gene Sequencing 150 Development of New Therapeutics 150 Understanding of Interactions 155 In Summary 156 11 The Human Chronic Pain Phenome: Mapping Nongenetic Modifiers of the Heritable Risk 161 Ze'ev Seltzer, Scott R. Diehl, Hance Clarke, and Joel Katz The Current Crisis in Pain Medicine 162 The Importance of Estimating Risk of Chronic Neuropathic Pain (CNP) 162 Modification of the Heritable Risk for CNP 163 The Natural History of CNP 165 Modification of Heritable Risk for CNP In Utero 166 Modifications of the Heritable Risk for CNP Across Generations 167 Postnatal Modifications of the Heritable Risk for CNP 168 Modifications of the Heritable Risk for CNP by Childhood Adverse Experiences 168 Modifications of the Heritable Risk for CNP by Prior Chronic Pain Epochs 169 Modification of the Heritable Risk for CNP by Certain Personality Traits 172 Modification of the Heritable Risk for CNP by Social Factors 172 Modification of the Heritable Risk for CNP by Diet, Medications, Smoking, and Alcohol Intake Consumed Preoperatively 174 Modification of the Heritable Risk for CNP by Climate 175 Modification of the Heritable Risk for CNP by Lifestyle 175 Modifications of the Heritable Risk for Chronic Pain by Other Diseases 176 Modifications of the Heritable Risk for CNP by Nongenetic Factors Occurring Just Prior and During the Inciting Event 176 Summary 177 Appendix: List of Abbreviations 183 Index 185 Color insert found between pages 114 and 115

Szczegóły: Genetics of Human Pain Perception - Luda Diatchenko, Inna Belfer

Tytuł: Genetics of Human Pain Perception
Autor: Luda Diatchenko, Inna Belfer
Producent: John Wiley
ISBN: 9781118398845
Rok produkcji: 2014
Ilość stron: 204
Oprawa: Twarda
Waga: 0.53 kg

Recenzje: Genetics of Human Pain Perception - Luda Diatchenko, Inna Belfer