Opis: Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering - Davide Poli, Massimo Ceraolo

At the basis of many sectors of engineering, electrical engineering deals with electricity phenomena involved in the transfer of energy and power. Professionals requiring a refresher course in this interdisciplinary branch need look no further than Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering, which imparts tools and trade tricks to remembering basic concepts and grasping new developments. Even established engineers must supplement their careers with an invigorated knowledge base, and this comprehensive resource helps non-electrical engineers amass power system information quickly.PREFACE xv ABOUT THE AUTHORS xix PART I PRELIMINARY MATERIAL 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 The Scope of Electrical Engineering, 3 1.2 This Book's Scope and Organization, 7 1.3 International Standards and Their Usage in This Book, 8 1.3.1 International Standardization Bodies, 8 1.3.2 The International System of Units (SI), 9 1.3.3 Graphic Symbols for Circuit Drawings, 11 1.3.4 Names, Symbols, and Units, 13 1.3.5 Other Conventions, 15 1.4 Specific Conventions and Symbols in This Book, 15 1.4.1 Boxes Around Text, 16 1.4.2 Grayed Boxes, 16 1.4.3 Terminology, 17 1.4.4 Acronyms, 17 1.4.5 Reference Designations, 18 2 The Fundamental Laws of Electromagnetism 19 2.1 Vector Fields, 20 2.2 Definition of E and B; Lorentz's Force Law, 22 2.3 Gauss's Law, 25 2.4 Ampere's Law and Charge Conservation, 26 2.4.1 Magnetic Field and Matter, 31 2.5 Faraday's Law, 32 2.6 Gauss's Law for Magnetism, 35 2.7 Constitutive Equations of Matter, 36 2.7.1 General Considerations, 36 2.7.2 Continuous Charge Flow Across Conductors, 36 2.8 Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves, 38 2.9 Historical Notes, 40 2.9.1 Short Biography of Faraday, 40 2.9.2 Short Biography of Gauss, 40 2.9.3 Short Biography of Maxwell, 41 2.9.4 Short Biography of Ampere, 41 2.9.5 Short Biography of Lorentz, 41 PART II ELECTRIC CIRCUIT CONCEPT AND ANALYSIS 43 3 Circuits as Modelling Tools 45 3.1 Introduction, 46 3.2 Definitions, 48 3.3 Charge Conservation and Kirchhoff's Current Law, 50 3.3.1 The Charge Conservation Law, 50 3.3.2 Charge Conservation and Circuits, 51 3.3.3 The Electric Current, 53 3.3.4 Formulations of Kirchhoff's Current Law, 55 3.4 Circuit Potentials and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, 60 3.4.1 The Electric Field Inside Conductors, 60 3.4.2 Formulations of Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, 64 3.5 Solution of a Circuit, 65 3.5.1 Determining Linearly Independent Kirchhoff Equations (Loop-Cuts Method), 66 3.5.2 Constitutive Equations, 68 3.5.3 Number of Variables and Equations, 70 3.6 The Substitution Principle, 73 3.7 Kirchhoff's Laws in Comparison with Electromagnetism Laws, 75 3.8 Power in Circuits, 76 3.8.1 Tellegen's Theorem and Energy Conservation Law in Circuits, 78 3.9 Historical Notes, 80 3.9.1 Short Biography of Kirchhoff, 80 3.9.2 Short Biography of Tellegen, 80 4 Techniques for Solving DC Circuits 83 4.1 Introduction, 84 4.2 Modelling Circuital Systems with Constant Quantities as Circuits, 84 4.2.1 The Basic Rule, 84 4.2.2 Resistors: Ohm's Law, 87 4.2.3 Ideal and "Real" Voltage and Current Sources, 89 4.3 Solving Techniques, 91 4.3.1 Basic Usage of Combined Kirchhoff-Constitutive Equations, 92 4.3.2 Nodal Analysis, 95 4.3.3 Mesh Analysis, 98 4.3.4 Series and Parallel Resistors; Star/Delta Conversion, 99 4.3.5 Voltage and Current Division, 103 4.3.6 Linearity and Superposition, 105 4.3.7 Thevenin's Theorem, 107 4.4 Power and Energy and Joule's Law, 112 4.5 More Examples, 114 4.6 Resistive Circuits Operating with Variable Quantities, 120 4.7 Historical Notes, 121 4.7.1 Short Biography of Ohm, 121 4.7.2 Short Biography of Thevenin, 121 4.7.3 Short Biography of Joule, 122 4.8 Proposed Exercises, 122 5 Techniques for Solving AC Circuits 131 5.1 Introduction, 132 5.2 Energy Storage Elements, 132 5.2.1 Power in Time-Varying Circuits, 133 5.2.2 The Capacitor, 133 5.2.3 Inductors and Magnetic Circuits, 136 5.3 Modelling Time-Varying Circuital Systems as Circuits, 140 5.3.1 The Basic Rule, 140 5.3.2 Modelling Circuital Systems When Induced EMFs Between Wires Cannot Be Neglected, 145 5.3.3 Mutual Inductors and the Ideal Transformer, 146 5.3.4 Systems Containing Ideal Transformers: Magnetically Coupled Circuits, 150 5.4 Simple R--L and R--C Transients, 152 5.5 AC Circuit Analysis, 155 5.5.1 Sinusoidal Functions, 155 5.5.2 Steady-State Behaviour of Linear Circuits Using Phasors, 156 5.5.3 AC Circuit Passive Parameters, 163 5.5.4 The Phasor Circuit, 164 5.5.5 Circuits Containing Sources with Different Frequencies, 169 5.6 Power in AC Circuits, 171 5.6.1 Instantaneous, Active, Reactive, and Complex Powers, 171 5.6.2 Circuits Containing Sources Having Different Frequencies, 177 5.6.3 Conservation of Complex, Active, and Reactive Powers, 178 5.6.4 Power Factor Correction, 180 5.7 Historical Notes, 184 5.7.1 Short Biography of Boucherot, 184 5.8 Proposed Exercises, 184 6 Three-Phase Circuits 191 6.1 Introduction, 191 6.2 From Single-Phase to Three-Phase Systems, 192 6.2.1 Modelling Three-Phase Lines When Induced EMFs Between Wires Are Not Negligible, 198 6.3 The Single-Phase Equivalent of the Three-Phase Circuit, 200 6.4 Power in Three-Phase Systems, 202 6.5 Single-Phase Feeding from Three-Phase Systems, 206 6.6 Historical Notes, 209 6.6.1 Short Biography of Tesla, 209 6.7 Proposed Exercises, 209 PART III ELECTRIC MACHINES AND STATIC CONVERTERS 213 7 Magnetic Circuits and Transformers 215 7.1 Introduction, 215 7.2 Magnetic Circuits and Single-Phase Transformers, 215 7.3 Three-Phase Transformers, 225 7.4 Magnetic Hysteresis and Core Losses, 227 7.5 Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Tests, 230 7.6 Permanent Magnets, 233 7.7 Proposed Exercises, 235 8 Fundamentals of Electronic Power Conversion 239 8.1 Introduction, 239 8.2 Power Electronic Devices, 240 8.2.1 Diodes, Thyristors, Controllable Switches, 240 8.2.2 The Branch Approximation of Thyristors and Controllable Switches, 242 8.2.3 Diodes, 243 8.2.4 Thyristors, 246 8.2.5 Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), 248 8.2.6 Summary of Power Electronic Devices, 250 8.3 Power Electronic Converters, 251 8.3.1 Rectifiers, 251 8.3.2 DC--DC Converters, 257 8.3.3 Inverters, 264 8.4 Analysis of Periodic Quantities, 276 8.4.1 Introduction, 276 8.4.2 Periodic Quantities and Fourier's Series, 276 8.4.3 Properties of Periodic Quantities and Examples, 279 8.4.4 Frequency Spectrum of Periodic Signals, 280 8.5 Filtering Basics, 283 8.5.1 The Basic Principle, 283 8.6 Summary, 289 9 Principles of Electromechanical Conversion 291 9.1 Introduction, 292 9.2 Electromechanical Conversion in a Translating Bar, 292 9.3 Basic Electromechanics in Rotating Machines, 297 9.3.1 Rotating Electrical Machines and Faraday's Law, 297 9.3.2 Generation of Torques in Rotating Machines, 301 9.3.3 Electromotive Force and Torque in Distributed Coils, 302 9.3.4 The Uniform Magnetic Field Equivalent, 304 9.4 Reluctance-Based Electromechanical Conversion, 305 10 DC Machines and Drives and Universal Motors 309 10.1 Introduction, 310 10.2 The Basic Idea and Generation of Quasi-Constant Voltage, 310 10.3 Operation of a DC Generator Under Load, 315 10.4 Different Types of DC Machines, 318 10.4.1 Generators and Motors, 318 10.4.2 Starting a DC Motor with Constant Field Current, 320 10.4.3 Independent, Shunt, PM, and Series Excitation Motors, 326 10.5 Universal Motors, 329 10.6 DC Electric Drives, 331 10.7 Proposed Exercises, 335 11 Synchronous Machines and Drives 337 11.1 The Basic Idea and Generation of EMF, 338 11.2 Operation Under Load, 345 11.2.1 The Rotating Magnetic Field, 345 11.2.2 Stator--Rotor Interaction, 348 11.2.3 The Phasor Diagram and the Single-Phase Equivalent Circuit, 350 11.3 Practical Considerations, 353 11.3.1 Power Exchanges, 353 11.3.2 Generators and Motors, 357 11.4 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines, 359 11.5 Synchronous Electric Drives, 360 11.5.1 Introduction, 360 11.5.2 PM, Inverter-Fed, Synchronous Motor Drives, 361 11.5.3 Control Implementation, 366 11.6 Historical Notes, 370 11.6.1 Short Biography of Ferraris and Behn-Eschemburg, 370 11.7 Proposed Exercises, 371 12 Induction Machines and Drives 373 12.1 Induction Machine Basics, 374 12.2 Machine Model and Analysis, 378 12.3 No-Load and Blocked-Rotor Tests, 391 12.4 Induction Machine Motor Drives, 394 12.5 Single-Phase Induction Motors, 399 12.5.1 Introduction, 399 12.5.2 Different Motor Types, 402 12.6 Proposed Exercises, 404 PART IV POWER SYSTEMS BASICS 409 13 Low-Voltage Electrical Installations 411 13.1 Another Look at the Concept of the Electric Power System, 411 13.2 Electrical Installations: A Basic Introduction, 413 13.3 Loads, 418 13.4 Cables, 422 13.4.1 Maximum Permissible Current and Choice of the Cross-Sectional Area, 422 13.5 Determining Voltage Drop, 427 13.6 Overcurrents and Overcurrent Protection, 429 13.6.1 Overloads, 429 13.6.2 Short Circuits, 430 13.6.3 Breaker Characteristics and Protection Against Overcurrents, 432 13.7 Protection in Installations: A Long List, 437 14 Electric Shock and Protective Measures 439 14.1 Introduction, 439 14.2 Electricity and the Human Body, 440 14.2.1 Effects of Current on Human Beings, 440 14.2.2 The Mechanism of Current Dispersion in the Earth, 443 14.2.3 A Circuital Model for the Human Body, 444 14.2.4 The Human Body in a Live Circuit, 446 14.2.5 System Earthing: TT, TN, and IT, 448 14.3 Protection Against Electric Shock, 450 14.3.1 Direct and Indirect Contacts, 450 14.3.2 Basic Protection (Protection Against Direct Contact), 451 14.3.3 Fault Protection (Protection Against Indirect Contact), 453 14.3.4 SELV Protection System, 458 14.4 The Residual Current Device (RCD) Principle of Operation, 459 14.5 What Else?, 462 References, 462 15 Large Power Systems: Structure and Operation 465 15.1 Aggregation of Loads and Installations: The Power System, 465 15.2 Toward AC Three-Phase Systems, 466 15.3 Electricity Distribution Networks, 468 15.4 Transmission and Interconnection Grids, 470 15.5 Modern Structure of Power Systems and Distributed Generation, 473 15.6 Basics of Power System Operation, 475 15.6.1 Frequency Regulation, 478 15.6.2 Voltage Regulation, 480 15.7 Vertically Integrated Utilities and Deregulated Power Systems, 482 15.8 Recent Challenges and Smart Grids, 484 15.9 Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage, 486 15.9.1 Photovoltaic Plants, 486 15.9.2 Wind Power Plants, 490 15.9.3 Energy Storage, 494 Appendix: Transmission Line Modelling and Port-Based Circuits 501 A.1 Modelling Transmission Lines Through Circuits, 501 A.1.1 Issues and Solutions When Displacement Currents are Neglected, 502 A.1.2 Steady-State Analysis Considering Displacement Currents, 506 A.1.3 Practical Considerations, 509 A.2 Modelling Lines as Two-Port Components, 510 A.2.1 Port-Based Circuits, 510 A.2.2 Port-Based Circuit and Transmission Lines, 511 A.2.3 A Sample Application, 512 A.3 Final Comments, 513 SELECTED REFERENCES 515 ANSWERS TO THE PROPOSED EXERCISES 519 INDEX 529

Szczegóły: Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering - Davide Poli, Massimo Ceraolo

Tytuł: Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering
Autor: Davide Poli, Massimo Ceraolo
Producent: John Wiley
ISBN: 9781118679692
Rok produkcji: 2014
Ilość stron: 552
Oprawa: Twarda
Waga: 1.04 kg

Recenzje: Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering - Davide Poli, Massimo Ceraolo