Opis: Global Food Legislation

Filling a distinct need in the globalized food economy, this introductory reference distils the key facts and regulations from the food laws of ten major countries across four continents. The result is a truly global survey of the world's most important food markets in terms of regulatory standards, principles and the authorities involved. The tried-and-tested concept behind the book originates from a regular summer school on food law for non-lawyers organized by the editors, and dispenses with formalized legal language such that the content may be used by food specialists without a law degree. By virtue of its systematic structure, the book allows different market conditions to be easily compared, and global trends in food legislation can be followed. Key facts for food producers active on the international market, who often lack the time and resources to refer to the primary laws and legal commentaries.Preface XVII Notes on Contributors XIX 1 Argentina 1 Alejandro Ariosti and Margarita Olivera Carri'on 1.1 Legal Framework 1 1.1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.2 Argentina in the MERCOSUR 3 1.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures 5 1.2.1 Introduction 5 1.2.2 Food Processing Plants 7 1.2.3 Food Products 8 1.3 Basic Principles of Food Law 9 1.3.1 Positive Regulation 9 1.3.2 Traceability 10 1.3.3 Precautionary Principle 10 1.3.4 Responsibility Principle 11 1.4 Overview of Selected Regulation Areas 11 1.4.1 Mandatory Nutritional Labeling 11 1.4.2 Complementary Nutritional Labeling 13 1.4.3 Food Hygiene and Safety 14 1.4.4 Food Additives, Flavors, Enzymes, and Vitamins 17 1.4.5 Food Packaging 20 1.4.6 Genetically Modified and Novel Food 21 1.4.7 Import/Export Regulations 23 1.5 Accountability Regulations 24 1.6 Current Topics -- Special Topics and Challenges 25 1.6.1 General Situation 25 1.6.2 Developments and Perspectives 29 Appendix 1.A: Internet Sources 29 Appendix 1.B: Abbreviations 30 2 Brazil 33 Anneliese Moritz and Christian Moritz 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 Legal Framework 34 2.3 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures 34 2.3.1 Competent Authorities for Food Regulation and Inspection Among the Authorities Responsible for Public Health 35 2.3.1.1 Federal Authorities 35 2.3.1.2 Local Authorities 37 2.3.2 Tasks of the Ministry of Agriculture 38 2.4 Basic Principles of Food Law 38 2.4.1 Food Registration 38 2.4.1.1 Registration with Anvisa 38 2.4.1.2 Information to the Health Authorities Prior to Manufacture 40 2.4.2 Traceability 40 2.4.3 Precautionary Principle 41 2.5 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas 41 2.5.1 Food Hygiene 41 2.5.2 Rules Applicable to Genetically Modified Food 42 2.5.3 Rules Applicable to Packaging 44 2.5.4 Rules Applicable to Labeling 45 2.5.5 Food Additives 46 2.5.6 Importation of Food 47 2.6 Accountability Regulations 48 2.6.1 Strict Product Liability 48 2.6.2 Tort Liability 48 2.6.3 Criminal Liability 49 2.7 Current Topics 49 2.7.1 Anvisa's Regulatory Power Being Criticized 49 2.7.2 Restrictions for the Acquisition by Foreigners of Rural Land in Brazil 50 Appendix 2.A: Internet Sources 50 Appendix 2.B: Abbreviations 51 3 Canada 53 John F. Blakney, Margot E. Patterson, Olivia Wright, and Jawaid Panjwani 3.1 Legal Framework 53 3.1.1 Division of Powers Overview 53 3.1.2 Federal Jurisdiction 54 3.1.3 Provincial Jurisdiction 55 3.1.4 Municipal Jurisdiction 55 3.2 Key Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures 55 3.2.1 Key Federal Departments and Agencies 55 3.2.1.1 Health Canada 56 3.2.1.2 Canadian Food Inspection Agency 56 3.2.1.3 Public Health Agency of Canada 56 3.2.1.4 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and the Department of Fisheries 56 3.2.1.5 Food Marketing Agencies 57 3.2.1.6 Advertising Standards Canada 57 3.2.2 Provincial Agencies 57 3.3 Basic Principles of Food Law 57 3.4 Overview of Selected Areas of Regulation 58 3.4.1 Food Labeling and Advertising 58 3.4.1.1 Food Labeling Requirements 59 3.4.1.2 Food Advertising Regulations 62 3.4.2 Food Safety 63 3.4.2.1 Federal Legislation Establishing Food Safety Standards 63 3.4.2.2 Regulation of Veterinary Drugs, Feeds, Pesticides, and Fertilizers 64 3.4.2.3 Federal Inspections and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points Based Programs 65 3.4.3 Food Additives, Food Supplements, and Food Fortification 68 3.4.3.1 Food Additives 68 3.4.3.2 Food Fortification 69 3.4.3.3 Food Supplements 69 3.4.4 Novel Foods and Genetically Modified/Engineered Foods 69 3.4.4.1 Pre-Market Notification 69 3.4.4.2 Genetically Modified Foods 70 3.4.5 Import and Export Regulations 70 3.5 Liability 71 3.5.1 Regulatory Liability -- Civil and Criminal 71 3.5.1.1 Fines and Monetary Penalties 71 3.5.1.2 Search, Seizures, and Food Recalls 72 3.5.2 Tort Liability 73 3.6 Current Topics 74 3.6.1 Specialized Conventional Foods 74 3.6.2 Relationship between Foods, Drugs, and Natural Health Products 75 3.6.3 Performance and Health-Related Claims for Food 75 3.6.4 Sodium Reduction Initiative 77 Appendix 3.A: Internet Sources 78 Appendix 3.B: Abbreviations 78 4 China 81 Yongmin Bian 4.1 Evolution of Food Safety Law and Current Legal Framework 81 4.1.1 Evolution of Food Safety Law: From Food Hygiene to Food Safety 81 4.1.2 Current Legal Framework 82 4.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures 83 4.3 Main Systems of Food Law 84 4.3.1 Unifying National Food Safety Standards 84 4.3.2 Role of Voluntary Standards 86 4.3.3 Traceability 87 4.3.4 System on Monitoring and Assessment of Food Safety Risks 88 4.3.4.1 Monitoring 88 4.3.4.2 Assessment of Food Safety Risks 89 4.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas 89 4.4.1 Food Labeling Standards 89 4.4.1.1 Nutrition Facts and Health Claims 90 4.4.1.2 Food Additives 91 4.4.2 Enforcement Rules of Labeling Standards 92 4.4.3 Genetically Modified Food and Novel Food 93 4.4.3.1 Historical and Current Status of Genetically Modified Food in China 93 4.4.3.2 Regulations on the Safety of Genetically Modified Food 94 4.4.4 Import/Export Regulations 96 4.5 Accountability Regulations 97 4.5.1 Administrative Responsibility 97 4.5.2 Civil Liability 99 4.5.3 Criminal Liability 100 4.6 Current Topics and Challenges 102 4.6.1 Safety versus Security 102 4.6.2 Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products Faces Numerous Challenges 103 4.6.2.1 Environmental Pollution is Affecting the Safety of Agricultural Products 103 4.6.2.2 Rampant Abuse of Agricultural Chemicals and Veterinary Drugs 104 4.6.3 Consumers Have Lost Trust in the Safety of Their Food 105 4.6.4 Set Up an Efficient Implementation and Supervision Scheme 108 4.7 Conclusions 108 Appendix 4.A: Internet Sources 109 Appendix 4.B: Abbreviations 110 5 European Union 111 Tobias Baumgartner and Wesselina Uebe 5.1 Legal Framework 111 5.1.1 Historical Background 111 5.1.2 Impact of the European Court of Justice Judgment "Cassis de Dijon" on Food Law 113 5.1.3 Legislative Competences 114 5.1.3.1 Legal Harmonization in the Internal Market 114 5.1.3.2 Agricultural Policy 115 5.1.3.3 Public Health 115 5.1.3.4 Consumer Protection 116 5.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures 117 5.2.1 Enforcement of Food Law 117 5.2.2 Food and Veterinary Office: Control of Implementation of EU Food Law 118 5.2.3 EFSA: Risk Analysis 118 5.2.4 Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed: Warning System 119 5.3 Basic Principles of Food Law 119 5.3.1 "From Stable to Table" 120 5.3.2 Risk Analysis 120 5.3.3 Food Traceability 121 5.3.4 Responsibility of Food Manufacturers 121 5.3.5 Precautionary Principle 122 5.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas 122 5.4.1 Food Labeling 122 5.4.1.1 New Food Information Regulation 123 5.4.1.2 Nutrition and Health Claims 130 5.4.1.3 Quality Descriptions and Protected Designations 133 5.4.2 Hygiene 133 5.4.2.1 General Rules for Food Hygiene 134 5.4.2.2 Specific Hygiene Rules for Food of Animal Origin 134 5.4.3 Food Additives 135 5.4.3.1 Definition 135 5.4.3.2 EU List 135 5.4.3.3 Labeling 136 5.4.4 Food Flavorings, Enzymes, and Vitamins 137 5.4.5 Genetically Modified Food 138 5.4.6 Novel Food 138 5.5 Accountability Regulations 139 5.6 Current Topics 140 Appendix 5.A: Internet Sources 142 Appendix 5.B: Abbreviations 142 6 Japan 143 Moritz B¨alz and Gabriele Koziol 6.1 Legal Framework 143 6.2 Food Authorities 147 6.2.1 Organizational Structure of Food Safety Authorities 147 6.2.2 Food Safety Commission 147 6.2.3 Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 148 6.2.4 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 149 6.2.5 Consumer Affairs Agency 149 6.3 Basic Principles of Food Law 150 6.3.1 General Aims of Food Law and Definition of Food 150 6.3.2 Consumers as Primary Target for Protection 151 6.3.3 Appropriate Measures at Each Stage of the Food Supply Process ("from Farms to Tables") 151 6.3.4 Risk Analysis 152 6.3.5 No (Express) Precautionary Principle 153 6.3.6 Limited Traceability 153 6.3.7 Responsibility of Food-Related Business Operators 155 6.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas 155 6.4.1 Labeling, Nutrition Facts, and Health Claims 155 6.4.1.1 General 155 6.4.1.2 Labeling to Ensure Food Safety 156 6.4.1.3 Quality Labeling 157 6.4.1.4 Nutrition Data and Health Claims 159 6.4.1.5 Other Labeling Requirements 160 6.4.2 Food Hygiene 160 6.4.3 Additives 162 6.4.4 Genetically Modified Food 164 6.4.5 Import Regulations 164 6.5 Accountability Regulations 165 6.5.1 General 165 6.5.2 Administrative Measures 166 6.5.3 Criminal Liability 166 6.5.4 Civil Liability 167 6.5.4.1 Consumer Protection Laws 167 6.5.4.2 Product Liability 168 6.6 Current Topics 169 6.6.1 Radioactive Contamination of Food 169 6.6.2 Revision of Measures against BSE 171 6.6.2.1 National Measures 171 6.6.2.2 Import of Beef and Cattle 173 Appendix 6.A: Internet Sources 174 Appendix 6.B: Abbreviations 174 7 Republic of Korea 177 Tom Pinansky, Ki Tai Park, April Kim, and Jin Hyuk Choi 7.1 Legal Framework 177 7.1.1 Brief Introduction to the Legal System of Korea 177 7.1.2 Division of Powers Overview 178 7.1.2.1 The Constitution 178 7.1.2.2 Acts, Emergency Orders, and Emergency Financial and Economic Actions 178 7.1.2.3 International Treaties and Rules of International Law 178 7.1.2.4 Orders 178 7.1.2.5 Administrative Rule 179 7.1.2.6 Local Laws and Regulations (Ordinances, Rules) 179 7.1.3 Sources of Food Law 179 7.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures 180 7.3 Basic Principles of Food Law 182 7.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas 183 7.4.1 Food Traceability 183 7.4.2 Preventative Measures for Food Safety and Sanitation 184 7.4.2.1 Approval for Business 184 7.4.2.2 Responsibility for Food Sanitation 184 7.4.2.3 Prohibition of Sale of Hazardous Foods 185 7.4.2.4 Prohibition of Sale of Meat Affected by Disease 185 7.4.2.5 Notification of Standards and Specifications of Food, and So On 185 7.4.2.6 Prohibition of Sale and Use of Tainted Apparatus 185 7.4.3 Food Labels, Nutrition Facts, Health Claims, and Allergens 185 7.4.3.1 Food and Nutrition Labeling 185 7.4.3.2 Prohibition on False Labeling 186 7.4.4 Food Hygiene 186 7.4.5 Food Additives, Flavors, Enzymes, and Vitamins 188 7.4.6 Genetically Modified Food and Novel Food 189 7.4.7 Import/Export Regulations 189 7.5 Accountability Regulations 190 7.5.1 Liability under the Framework Act and Sanitation Act 190 7.5.2 Product Liability 191 7.6 Current Topics 192 7.6.1 Korean Food and Drug Administration's Response and Management Process in Relation to Radiation from the Japanese Nuclear Disaster 192 7.6.2 Benzopyrene 192 Appendix 7.A: Internet Sources 193 Appendix 7.B: Abbreviations 193 8 Russian Federation 195 Andreas Knaul and Oleg Zhabinski 8.1 Legal Framework 195 8.1.1 History of the Legislation 195 8.1.2 Main Legal Acts 196 8.1.2.1 Civil Code 196 8.1.2.2 Single Laws 196 8.1.2.3 Subordinated Acts and Regulations 197 8.1.2.4 Regulation at the Level of Individual Constituent Territories 197 8.2 Food Safety Authorities 197 8.2.1 Central Government 197 8.2.2 Ministries 198 8.2.3 State Authorities 198 8.2.4 Rospotrebnadzor 199 8.2.5 Non-Governmental Organizations 200 8.3 Basic Principles of Food Law 200 8.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas 202 8.4.1 General Requirements 202 8.4.2 Labeling of Foodstuffs 203 8.4.3 Packaging of Foodstuffs 205 8.4.4 Transportation of Foodstuffs 206 8.4.5 Food Hygiene 206 8.4.6 Food Additives and Flavors 208 8.4.7 Import/Export Regulations 211 8.4.7.1 Confirmation of Conformity of Foodstuffs 211 8.4.7.2 Applicable Technical Regulations 212 8.4.7.3 Non-Tariff Regulation of Trade in Foodstuffs 213 8.4.7.4 State Registration of Foodstuffs 214 8.5 Accountability Regulations 216 8.5.1 General Principles of Civil Law Liability 216 8.5.2 Liability Under Administrative Law 217 8.5.3 Liability Under Criminal Law 217 8.5.4 Consumer Protection and Product Liability 218 8.5.4.1 General Provisions 218 8.5.4.2 Liability for Infringements of Consumer Rights 219 8.5.4.3 Cost Reimbursement for Inferior Products 220 8.5.4.4 Claims with Regard to Infringement of Consumer Rights 221 8.6 Current Topics 222 8.6.1 Customs Union 222 8.6.2 Russia's Accession to the WTO 222 Appendix 8.A: Internet Sources 223 Appendix 8.B: Abbreviations 224 9 Switzerland 225 Evelyn Kirchsteiger-Meier 9.1 Legal Framework 225 9.1.1 Basic Information 225 9.1.2 Essential Features of Swiss Food Law 226 9.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures 229 9.2.1 Competent Authorities at the Federal Level 229 9.2.2 Competent Authorities at the Cantonal Level 231 9.3 Basic Principles of Food Law 232 9.3.1 Reporting and Licensing Requirements 232 9.3.2 Self-Supervision 233 9.3.3 Positive Principle 234 9.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas 235 9.4.1 Food Labeling and Advertising 235 9.4.2 Food Hygiene and Safety 238 9.4.2.1 Good Operational Practices 238 9.4.2.2 HACCP 240 9.4.2.3 Traceability 241 9.4.3 Food Additives, Flavorings, and Food Supplements 241 9.4.3.1 Food Additives and Flavorings 241 9.4.3.2 Food Supplements 242 9.4.4 Genetically Modified Organisms 243 9.4.5 Import and Export Regulations 244 9.5 Accountability, Liability, and Criminal Law Provisions 245 9.6 Current Topics 247 9.6.1 "Swissness" 247 9.6.2 Impact of European Union Food Legislation on Swiss Food Legislation 250 9.6.3 Planned Total Revision of the Foodstuffs Act 251 9.6.4 New Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office 254 Acknowledgment 254 Appendix 9.A: Internet Sources 255 Appendix 9.B: Abbreviations 258 10 Turkey 261 Petek Ataman and Samim Saner 10.1 Legal Framework 261 10.1.1 Background and Structure of Food Legislation in Turkey 261 10.1.2 Period of EU Harmonization on Food Legislation (After 2004) 264 10.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures 265 10.2.1 Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock 265 10.2.2 Ministry of Health 267 10.3 Basic Principles of Food Law 267 10.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas 270 10.4.1 Food Labeling, Nutrition Facts, and Health Claims 270 10.4.1.1 General Requirements 270 10.4.1.2 Nutritional Labeling 270 10.4.1.3 Health and Nutrition Claims 271 10.4.1.4 Advertisements 271 10.4.2 Food Hygiene, Registration or Approval, HACCP, Microbiological Criteria, and Hygiene Guides 272 10.4.2.1 Food Hygiene 272 10.4.2.2 Regulation of Special Hygiene Rules for Food of Animal Origin 272 10.4.3 Food Additives 273 10.4.4 Contaminants 273 10.4.5 Genetically Modified Food 274 10.4.6 Import/Export of Foodstuffs 275 10.5 Accountability Regulations 276 10.6 Current Topics 276 10.6.1 Denouncing (Sharing) of Nonconformities Found in Official Controls with the Public 277 10.6.2 Food Supplements and Herbal Preparations 277 Appendix 10.A: Internet Sources 278 Appendix 10.B: Abbreviations 278 11 United States of America 279 Gary Jay Kushner, Maile Gradison Hermida, and Brian D. Eyink 11.1 Legal Framework 279 11.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures 279 11.2.1 Federal Agencies Regulating Food Products 280 11.2.1.1 FDA and FSIS 280 11.2.1.2 Other USDA Agencies 281 11.2.1.3 Federal Trade Commission 281 11.2.1.4 Additional Federal Agencies with Related Responsibilities 281 11.2.2 State Regulation of Foods 282 11.2.2.1 Intrastate versus Interstate Regulation of Products 282 11.2.2.2 Federal Preemption 282 11.2.2.3 States' Regulatory Roles 283 11.3 Basic Principles of Food Law 283 11.4 Overview of Selected Regulation Areas 285 11.4.1 Adulteration 285 11.4.1.1 Food Ingredients and Packaging 285 11.4.1.2 Food Sanitation and Safety 288 11.4.2 Misbranding 290 11.4.2.1 Mandatory Labeling 290 11.4.2.2 Voluntary Labeling 292 11.4.2.3 Labeling Exemptions and Special Requirements 295 11.4.2.4 Menu and Vending Labeling 295 11.4.3 Imports 296 11.4.3.1 Foreign Supplier Verification Program 296 11.4.3.2 Import Certifications 296 11.4.3.3 Voluntary Qualified Importer Program 297 11.4.4 FSIS Regulation of Meat and Poultry Products 297 11.5 Accountability Regulations 298 11.5.1 Inspections 299 11.5.2 Recalls 300 11.5.3 Food Defense 300 11.5.4 Enforcement 301 11.5.5 Private Litigation 302 11.6 Current Topic: FSMA Implementation 302 Appendix 11.A: Internet Sources 303 Appendix 11.B: Abbreviations 304 Index 307

Szczegóły: Global Food Legislation

Tytuł: Global Food Legislation
Producent: VCH
ISBN: 9783527335558
Rok produkcji: 2014
Ilość stron: 352
Oprawa: Twarda
Waga: 0.92 kg

Recenzje: Global Food Legislation