Opis: Routing and Switching Essentials Companion Guide - Cisco Networking Academy

Routing and Switching Essentials Companion Guide is the official supplemental textbook for the Routing and Switching Essentials course in the Cisco(R) Networking Academy(R) CCNA(R) Routing and Switching curriculum. This course describes the architecture, components, and operations of routers and switches in a small network. You learn how to configure a router and a switch for basic functionality. By the end of this course, you will be able to configure and troubleshoot routers and switches and resolve common issues with RIPv1, RIPv2, single-area and multi-area OSPF, virtual LANs, and inter-VLAN routing in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. The Companion Guide is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere to reinforce the material from the course and organize your time. The book's features help you focus on important concepts to succeed in this course: * Chapter objectives-Review core concepts by answering the focus questions listed at the beginning of each chapter. * Key terms-Refer to the lists of networking vocabulary introduced and highlighted in context in each chapter. * Glossary-Consult the comprehensive Glossary with more than 200 terms. * Summary of Activities and Labs-Maximize your study time with this complete list of all associated practice exercises at the end of each chapter. * Check Your Understanding-Evaluate your readiness with the end-of-chapter questions that match the style of questions you see in the online course quizzes. The answer key explains each answer. Related Title: Routing and Switching Essentials Lab Manual How To-Look for this icon to study the steps you need to learn to perform certain tasks. Interactive Activities-Reinforce your understanding of topics by doing all the exercises from the online course identified throughout the book with this icon. Videos-Watch the videos embedded within the online course. Packet Tracer Activities-Explore and visualize networking concepts using Packet Tracer exercises interspersed throughout the chapters. Hands-on Labs-Work through all the course labs and additional Class Activities that are included in the course and published in the separate Lab Manual.Introduction xxviii Chapter 1 Introduction to Switched Networks 1 Objectives 1 Key Terms 1 Introduction (1.0.1.1) 2 LAN Design (1.1) 2 Converged Networks (1.1.1) 3 Growing Complexity of Networks (1.1.1.1) 3 Elements of a Converged Network (1.1.1.2) 4 Borderless Switched Networks (1.1.1.3) 5 Hierarchy in the Borderless Switched Network (1.1.1.4) 6 Core Distribution Access (1.1.1.5) 7 Switched Networks (1.1.2) 10 Role of Switched Networks (1.1.2.1) 10 Form Factors (1.1.2.2) 11 The Switched Environment (1.2) 14 Frame Forwarding (1.2.1) 14 Switching as a General Concept in Networking and Telecommunications (1.2.1.1) 14 Dynamically Populating a Switch MAC Address Table (1.2.1.2) 15 Switch Forwarding Methods (1.2.1.3) 19 Store-and-Forward Switching (1.2.1.4) 20 Cut-Through Switching (1.2.1.5) 21 Switching Domains (1.2.2) 22 Collision Domains (1.2.2.1) 22 Broadcast Domains (1.2.2.2) 23 Alleviating Network Congestion (1.2.2.3) 25 Summary (1.3) 26 Practice 27 Class Activities 28 Packet Tracer Activities 28 Check Your Understanding Questions 28 Chapter 2 Basic Switching Concepts and Configuration 33 Objectives 33 Key Terms 33 Introduction (2.0.1.1) 35 Basic Switch Configuration (2.1) 36 Switch Boot Sequence (2.1.1.1) 36 Recovering from a System Crash (2.1.1.2) 37 Switch LED Indicators (2.1.1.3) 38 Preparing for Basic Switch Management (2.1.1.4) 40 Configuring Basic Switch Management Access with IPv4 (2.1.1.5) 41 Configure Switch Ports (2.1.2) 44 Duplex Communication (2.1.2.1) 44 Configure Switch Ports at the Physical Layer (2.1.2.2) 45 Duplex and Speed 45 Auto-MDIX (2.1.2.3) 46 Verifying Switch Port Configuration (2.1.2.4) 48 Network Access Layer Issues (2.1.2.5) 50 Troubleshooting Network Access Layer Issues (2.1.2.6) 53 Switch Security: Management and Implementation (2.2) 54 Secure Remote Access (2.2.1) 54 SSH Operation (2.2.1.1) 55 Configuring SSH (2.2.1.2) 56 Verifying SSH (2.2.1.3) 57 Security Concerns in LANs (2.2.2) 59 Common Security Attacks: MAC Address Flooding (2.2.2.1) 59 Common Security Attacks: DHCP Spoofing (2.2.2.2) 63 Common Security Attacks: Leveraging CDP (2.2.2.3) 64 Security Best Practices (2.2.3) 66 Best Practices (2.2.3.1) 66 Network Security Tools and Testing (2.2.3.2) 66 Network Security Audits (2.2.3.3) 67 Switch Port Security (2.2.4) 68 Secure Unused Ports (2.2.4.1) 68 DHCP Snooping (2.2.4.2) 69 Port Security: Operation (2.2.4.3) 71 Port Security: Violation Modes (2.2.4.4) 73 Port Security: Configuring (2.2.4.5) 74 Port Security: Verifying (2.2.4.6) 75 Ports in Error Disabled State (2.2.4.7) 77 Network Time Protocol (NTP) (2.2.4.8) 78 Summary (2.3) 81 Practice 83 Class Activities 83 Labs 83 Packet Tracer Activities 84 Check Your Understanding Questions 84 Chapter 3 VLANs 89 Objectives 89 Key Terms 89 Introduction (3.0.1.1) 90 VLAN Segmentation (3.1) 91 VLAN Definitions (3.1.1.1) 91 Benefits of VLANs (3.1.1.2) 92 Types of VLANs (3.1.1.3) 93 Data VLAN 93 Default VLAN 93 Native VLAN 94 Management VLAN 95 Voice VLANs (3.1.1.4) 96 VLANs in a Multiswitched Environment (3.1.2) 97 VLAN Trunks (3.1.2.1) 97 Controlling Broadcast Domains with VLANs (3.1.2.2) 98 Network Without VLANs 98 Network with VLANs 99 Tagging Ethernet Frames for VLAN Identification (3.1.2.3) 101 Native VLANs and 802.1Q Tagging (3.1.2.4) 102 Tagged Frames on the Native VLAN 102 Untagged Frames on the Native VLAN 102 Voice VLAN Tagging (3.1.2.5) 103 Sample Configuration 104 VLAN Implementations (3.2) 105 VLAN Ranges on Catalyst Switches (3.2.1.1) 105 Creating a VLAN (3.2.1.2) 106 Assigning Ports to VLANs (3.2.1.3) 108 Changing VLAN Port Membership (3.2.1.4) 109 Deleting VLANs (3.2.1.5) 111 Verifying VLAN Information (3.2.1.6) 112 VLAN Trunks (3.2.2) 114 Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Trunk Links (3.2.2.1) 114 Resetting the Trunk to Default State (3.2.2.2) 116 Verifying Trunk Configuration (3.2.2.3) 118 Dynamic Trunking Protocol (3.2.3) 120 Introduction to DTP (3.2.3.1) 120 Negotiated Interface Modes (3.2.3.2) 121 Troubleshoot VLANs and Trunks (3.2.4) 123 IP Addressing Issues with VLAN (3.2.4.1) 123 Missing VLANs (3.2.4.2) 125 Introduction to Troubleshooting Trunks (3.2.4.3) 127 Common Problems with Trunks (3.2.4.4) 128 Trunk Mode Mismatches (3.2.4.5) 129 Incorrect VLAN List (3.2.4.6) 131 VLAN Security and Design (3.3) 134 Switch Spoofing Attack (3.3.1.1) 134 Double-Tagging Attack (3.3.1.2) 135 PVLAN Edge (3.3.1.3) 136 Design Best Practices for VLANs (3.3.2) 138 VLAN Design Guidelines (3.3.2.1) 138 Summary (3.4) 140 Practice 142 Class Activities 142 Labs 142 Packet Tracer Activities 143 Check Your Understanding Questions 143 Chapter 4 Routing Concepts 149 Objectives 149 Key Terms 149 Introduction (4.0.1.1) 151 Functions of a Router (4.1.1) 152 Characteristics of a Network (4.1.1.1) 152 Why Routing? (4.1.1.2) 153 Routers Are Computers (4.1.1.3) 154 Routers Interconnect Networks (4.1.1.4) 156 Routers Choose Best Paths (4.1.1.5) 158 Packet-Forwarding Mechanisms (4.1.1.6) 158 Connect Devices (4.1.2) 162 Connect to a Network (4.1.2.1) 162 Default Gateways (4.1.2.2) 164 Document Network Addressing (4.1.2.3) 165 Enable IP on a Host (4.1.2.4) 166 Device LEDs (4.1.2.5) 167 Console Access (4.1.2.6) 169 Enable IP on a Switch (4.1.2.7) 171 Basic Settings on a Router (4.1.3) 172 Configure Basic Router Settings (4.1.3.1) 172 Configure an IPv4 Router Interface (4.1.3.2) 175 Configure an IPv6 Router Interface (4.1.3.3) 177 Configure an IPv4 Loopback Interface (4.1.3.4) 181 Verify Connectivity of Directly Connected Networks (4.1.4) 183 Verify Interface Settings (4.1.4.1) 183 Verify IPv6 Interface Settings (4.1.4.2) 186 Filter Show Command Output (4.1.4.3) 189 Command History Feature (4.1.4.4) 191 Switching Packets Between Networks (4.2.1) 193 Router Switching Function (4.2.1.1) 193 Send a Packet (4.2.1.2) 194 Forward to the Next Hop (4.2.1.3) 195 Packet Routing (4.2.1.4) 196 Reach the Destination (4.2.1.5) 197 Path Determination (4.2.2) 198 Routing Decisions (4.2.2.1) 198 Best Path (4.2.2.2) 199 Load Balancing (4.2.2.3) 200 Administrative Distance (4.2.2.4) 200 Analyze the Routing Table (4.3.1) 202 The Routing Table (4.3.1.1) 202 Routing Table Sources (4.3.1.2) 203 Remote Network Routing Entries (4.3.1.3) 204 Directly Connected Routes (4.3.2) 205 Directly Connected Interfaces (4.3.2.1) 205 Directly Connected Routing Table Entries (4.3.2.2) 206 Directly Connected Examples (4.3.2.3) 207 Directly Connected IPv6 Example (4.3.2.4) 210 Statically Learned Routes (4.3.3) 214 Static Routes (4.3.3.1) 214 Static Route Examples (4.3.3.2) 214 Static IPv6 Route Examples (4.3.3.3) 216 Dynamic Routing Protocols (4.3.4) 219 Dynamic Routing (4.3.4.1) 219 IPv4 Routing Protocols (4.3.4.2) 220 IPv4 Dynamic Routing Examples (4.3.4.3) 221 IPv6 Routing Protocols (4.3.4.4) 222 IPv6 Dynamic Routing Examples (4.3.4.5) 223 Summary (4.4) 224 Practice 225 Class Activities 225 Labs 226 Packet Tracer Activities 226 Check Your Understanding Questions 226 Chapter 5 Inter-VLAN Routing 231 Objectives 231 Key Terms 231 Introduction (5.0.1.1) 232 Inter-VLAN Routing Configuration (5.1) 232 What Is Inter-VLAN Routing? (5.1.1.1) 233 Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing (5.1.1.2) 233 Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing (5.1.1.3) 235 Multilayer Switch Inter-VLAN Routing (5.1.1.4) 237 Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing (5.1.2) 239 Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing: Preparation (5.1.2.1) 239 Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing: Switch Configuration (5.1.2.2) 240 Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing: Router Interface Configuration (5.1.2.3) 241 Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing (5.1.3) 244 Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Preparation (5.1.3.1) 244 Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Switch Configuration (5.1.3.2) 245 Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Router Subinterface Configuration (5.1.3.3) 246 Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Verifying Subinterfaces (5.1.3.4) 248 Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Verifying Routing (5.1.3.5) 250 Ping Test 251 Tracert Test 251 Troubleshoot Inter-VLAN Routing (5.2) 252 Inter-VLAN Configuration Issues (5.2.1) 252 Switch Port Issues (5.2.1.1) 252 Verify Switch Configuration (5.2.1.2) 254 Interface Issues (5.2.1.3) 255 Verify Router Configuration (5.2.1.4) 256 IP Addressing Issues (5.2.2) 258 Errors with IP Addresses and Subnet Masks (5.2.2.1) 258 Verifying IP Address and Subnet Mask Configuration Issues (5.2.2.2) 260 Layer 3 Switching (5.3) 261 Introduction to Layer 3 Switching (5.3.1.1) 261 Inter-VLAN Routing with Switch Virtual Interfaces (5.3.1.2, 5.3.1.3) 263 Inter-VLAN Routing with Routed Ports (5.3.1.4) 265 Routed Ports and Access Ports on a Switch 265 Configuring Static Routes on a Catalyst 2960 (5.3.1.5) 266 Troubleshoot Layer 3 Switching (5.3.2) 274 Layer 3 Switch Configuration Issues (5.3.2.1) 274 Example: Troubleshooting Layer 3 Switching (5.3.2.2) 275 Summary (5.4) 278 Practice 279 Class Activities 279 Labs 279 Packet Tracer Activities 279 Check Your Understanding Questions 280 Chapter 6 Static Routing 283 Objectives 283 Key Terms 283 Introduction (6.0.1.1) 285 Static Routing (6.1.1) 286 Reach Remote Networks (6.1.1.1) 286 Why Use Static Routing? (6.1.1.2) 286 When to Use Static Routes (6.1.1.3) 288 Types of Static Routes 289 Static Route Applications (6.1.2.1) 289 Standard Static Route (6.1.2.2) 289 Default Static Route (6.1.2.3) 290 Summary Static Route (6.1.2.4) 290 Floating Static Route (6.1.2.5) 291 Configure IPv4 Static Routes (6.2.1) 292 ip route Command (6.2.1.1) 292 Next-Hop Options (6.2.1.2) 293 Configure a Next-Hop Static Route (6.2.1.3) 297 Configure a Directly Connected Static Route (6.2.1.4) 299 Configure a Fully Specified Static Route (6.2.1.5) 301 Verify a Static Route (6.2.1.6) 304 Configure IPv4 Default Routes (6.2.2) 306 Default Static Route (6.2.2.1) 306 Configure a Default Static Route (6.2.2.2) 307 Verify a Default Static Route (6.2.2.3) 308 Configure IPv6 Static Routes (6.2.3) 310 The ipv6 route Command (6.2.3.1) 310 Next-Hop Options (6.2.3.2) 311 Configure a Next-Hop Static IPv6 Route (6.2.3.3) 315 Configure a Directly Connected Static IPv6 Route (6.2.3.4) 317 Configure a Fully Specified Static IPv6 Route (6.2.3.5) 319 Verify IPv6 Static Routes (6.2.3.6) 320 Configure IPv6 Default Routes (6.2.4) 322 Default Static IPv6 Route (6.2.4.1) 322 Configure a Default Static IPv6 Route (6.2.4.2) 323 Verify a Default Static Route (6.2.4.3) 323 Review of CIDR and VLSM (6.3) 325 Classful Network Addressing (6.3.1.1) 326 Classful Subnet Masks (6.3.1.2) 327 Classful Routing Protocol Example (6.3.1.3) 328 Classful Addressing Waste (6.3.1.4) 329 CIDR (6.3.2) 331 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (6.3.2.1) 331 CIDR and Route Summarization (6.3.2.2) 332 Static Routing CIDR Example (6.3.2.3) 333 Classless Routing Protocol Example (6.3.2.4) 335 VLSM (6.3.3) 335 Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (6.3.3.1) 336 Variable-Length Subnet Masking (6.3.3.2) 337 VLSM in Action (6.3.3.3) 338 Subnetting Subnets (6.3.3.4) 339 VLSM Example (6.3.3.5) 341 Configure IPv4 Summary Routes (6.4.1) 346 Route Summarization (6.4.1.1) 346 Calculate a Summary Route (6.4.1.2) 346 Summary Static Route Example (6.4.1.3) 348 Configure IPv6 Summary Routes (6.4.2) 352 Summarize IPv6 Network Addresses (6.4.2.1) 352 Calculate IPv6 Summary Addresses (6.4.2.2) 354 Configure an IPv6 Summary Address (6.4.2.3) 356 Configure Floating Static Routes (6.4.3) 358 Floating Static Routes (6.4.3.1) 358 Configure a Floating Static Route (6.4.3.2) 359 Test the Floating Static Route (6.4.3.3) 360 Troubleshoot Static and Default Route Issues (6.5) 363 Static Routes and Packet Forwarding (6.5.1.1) 364 Troubleshoot a Missing Route (6.5.2.1) 364 Solve a Connectivity Problem (6.5.2.2) 368 Summary (6.6) 373 Practice 374 Class Activities 375 Labs 375 Packet Tracer Activities 375 Check Your Understanding Questions 376 Chapter 7 Routing Dynamically 379 Objectives 379 Key Terms 379 Introduction (7.0.1.1) 381 Dynamic Routing Protocol Operation (7.1.1) 382 The Evolution of Dynamic Routing Protocols (7.1.1.1) 382 Purpose of Dynamic Routing Protocols (7.1.1.2) 383 The Role of Dynamic Routing Protocols (7.1.1.3) 384 Dynamic Versus Static Routing (7.1.2) 385 Using Static Routing (7.1.2.1) 386 Static Routing Scorecard (7.1.2.2) 386 Using Dynamic Routing Protocols (7.1.2.3) 387 Dynamic Routing Scorecard (7.1.2.4) 388 Routing Protocol Operating Fundamentals (7.1.3) 389 Dynamic Routing Protocol Operation (7.1.3.1) 389 Cold Start (7.1.3.2) 390 Network Discovery (7.1.3.3) 391 Exchanging the Routing Information (7.1.3.4) 392 Achieving Convergence (7.1.3.5) 394 Types of Routing Protocols (7.1.4) 396 Classifying Routing Protocols (7.1.4.1) 396 IGP and EGP Routing Protocols (7.1.4.2) 399 Distance Vector Routing Protocols (7.1.4.3) 401 Link-State Routing Protocols (7.1.4.4) 402 Classful Routing Protocols (7.1.4.5) 402 Classless Routing Protocols (7.1.4.6) 406 Routing Protocol Characteristics (7.1.4.7) 409 Routing Protocol Metrics (7.1.4.8) 410 Distance Vector Routing Protocol Operation (7.2.1) 411 Distance Vector Technologies (7.2.1.1) 411 Distance Vector Algorithm (7.2.1.2) 412 Types of Distance Vector Routing Protocols (7.2.2) 413 Routing Information Protocol (7.2.2.1) 413 Enhanced Interior-Gateway Routing Protocol (7.2.2.2) 415 RIP and RIPng Routing (7.3) 416 Router RIP Configuration Mode (7.3.1.1) 416 Advertising Networks (7.3.1.2) 418 Examining Default RIP Settings (7.3.1.3) 419 Enabling RIPv2 (7.3.1.4) 421 Disabling Auto Summarization (7.3.1.5) 423 Configuring Passive Interfaces (7.3.1.6) 425 Propagating a Default Route (7.3.1.7) 427 Configuring the RIPng Protocol (7.3.2) 429 Advertising IPv6 Networks (7.3.2.1) 429 Examining the RIPng Configuration (7.3.2.2) 430 Link-State Dynamic Routing (7.4) 433 Shortest Path First Protocols (7.4.1.1) 433 Dijkstra's Algorithm (7.4.1.2) 434 SPF Example (7.4.1.3) 435 Link-State Updates (7.4.2) 438 Link-State Routing Process (7.4.2.1) 438 Link and Link-State (7.4.2.2) 438 Say Hello (7.4.2.3) 442 Building the Link-State Packet (7.4.2.4) 442 Flooding the LSP (7.4.2.5) 443 Building the Link-State Database (7.4.2.6) 443 Building the SPF Tree (7.4.2.7) 445 Adding OSPF Routes to the Routing Table (7.4.2.8) 446 Why Use Link-State Routing Protocols (7.4.3) 447 Why Use Link-State Protocols? (7.4.3.1) 447 Disadvantages of Link-State Protocols (7.4.3.2) 448 Protocols That Use Link-State (7.4.3.3) 449 Parts of an IPv4 Route Entry (7.5.1) 449 Routing Table Entries (7.5.1.1) 449 Directly Connected Entries (7.5.1.2) 451 Remote Network Entries (7.5.1.3) 453 Dynamically Learned IPv4 Routes (7.5.2) 454 Routing Table Terms (7.5.2.1) 454 Ultimate Route (7.5.2.2) 455 Level 1 Route (7.5.2.3) 455 Level 1 Parent Route (7.5.2.4) 456 Level 2 Child Route (7.5.2.5) 458 The IPv4 Route Lookup Process (7.5.3) 460 Route Lookup Process (7.5.3.1) 460 Best Route = Longest Match (7.5.3.2) 462 Analyze an IPv6 Routing Table (7.5.4) 463 IPv6 Routing Table Entries (7.5.4.1) 463 Directly Connected Entries (7.5.4.2) 464 Remote IPv6 Network Entries (7.5.4.3) 466 Summary (7.6) 469 Practice 470 Class Activities 470 Labs 471 Packet Tracer Activities 471 Check Your Understanding Questions 471 Chapter 8 Single-Area OSPF 475 Objectives 475 Key Terms 475 Introduction (8.0.1.1) 477 Characteristics of OSPF (8.1) 477 Evolution of OSPF (8.1.1.1) 477 Features of OSPF (8.1.1.2) 479 Components of OSPF (8.1.1.3) 479 Data Structures 479 Routing Protocol Messages 480 Algorithm 481 Link-State Operation (8.1.1.4) 481 Single-Area and Multiarea OSPF (8.1.1.5) 484 OSPF Messages (8.1.2) 487 Encapsulating OSPF Messages (8.1.2.1) 487 Types of OSPF Packets (8.1.2.2) 489 Hello Packet (8.1.2.3) 489 Hello Packet Intervals (8.1.2.4) 491 Link-State Updates (8.1.2.5) 492 OSPF Operation (8.1.3) 493 OSPF Operational States (8.1.3.1) 493 Establish Neighbor Adjacencies (8.1.3.2) 494 OSPF DR and BDR (8.1.3.3) 496 Synchronizing OSPF Databases (8.1.3.4) 497 Configuring Single-Area OSPFv2 (8.2.1) 500 OSPF Network Topology (8.2.1.1) 500 Router OSPF Configuration Mode (8.2.1.2) 501 Router IDs (8.2.1.3) 502 Configuring an OSPF Router ID (8.2.1.4) 503 Modifying a Router ID (8.2.1.5) 505 Using a Loopback Interface as the Router ID (8.2.1.6) 507 Configure Single-Area OSPFv2 (8.2.2) 507 Enabling OSPF on Interfaces (8.2.2.1) 507 Wildcard Mask (8.2.2.2) 508 The network Command (8.2.2.3) 509 Passive Interface (8.2.2.4) 510 Configuring Passive Interfaces (8.2.2.5) 511 OSPF Cost (8.2.3) 512 OSPF Metric = Cost (8.2.3.1) 513 OSPF Accumulates Costs (8.2.3.2) 514 Adjusting the Reference Bandwidth (8.2.3.3) 515 Adjusting the Reference Bandwidth 515 Default Interface Bandwidths (8.2.3.4) 519 Adjusting the Interface Bandwidths (8.2.3.5) 521 Manually Setting the OSPF Cost (8.2.3.6) 522 Verify OSPF (8.2.4) 523 Verify OSPF Neighbors (8.2.4.1) 523 Verify OSPF Protocol Settings (8.2.4.2) 525 Verify OSPF Process Information (8.2.4.3) 526 Verify OSPF Interface Settings (8.2.4.4) 526 OSPFv2 vs. OSPFv3 (8.3.1) 527 OSPFv3 (8.3.1.1) 528 Similarities Between OSPFv2 to OSPFv3 (8.3.1.2) 529 Differences Between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 (8.3.1.3) 529 Link-Local Addresses (8.3.1.4) 530 Configuring OSPFv3 (8.3.2) 531 OSPFv3 Network Topology (8.3.2.1) 531 Link-Local Addresses (8.3.2.2) 533 Assigning Link-Local Addresses (8.3.2.3) 534 Configuring the OSPFv3 Router ID (8.3.2.4) 535 Modifying an OSPFv3 Router ID (8.3.2.5) 538 Enabling OSPFv3 on Interfaces (8.3.2.6) 539 Verify OSPFv3 (8.3.3) 540 Verify OSPFv3 Neighbors (8.3.3.1) 540 Verify OSPFv3 Protocol Settings (8.3.3.2) 541 Verify OSPFv3 Interfaces (8.3.3.3) 542 Verify the IPv6 Routing Table (8.3.3.4) 543 Summary (8.4) 544 Practice 545 Class Activities 545 Labs 545 Packet Tracer Activities 546 Check Your Understanding Questions 546 Chapter 9 Access Control Lists 549 Objectives 549 Key Terms 549 Introduction (9.0.1.1) 550 IP ACL Operation (9.1) 551 What Is an ACL? (9.1.1.1) 551 A TCP Conversation (9.1.1.2) 552 TCP Communication 552 Packet Filtering (9.1.1.3, 9.1.1.4) 555 ACL Operation (9.1.1.5) 557 Standard Versus Extended IPv4 ACLS (9.1.2) 558 Types of Cisco IPv4 ACLs (9.1.2.1) 558 Standard ACLs 558 Extended ACLs 559 Numbering and Naming ACLs (9.1.2.2) 559 Wildcard Masks in ACLs (9.1.3) 560 Introducing ACL Wildcard Masking (9.1.3.1) 560 Wildcard Masking 560 Using a Wildcard Mask 562 Wildcard Mask Examples (9.1.3.2) 562 Wildcard Masks to Match IPv4 Subnets 562 Wildcard Masks to Match Ranges 563 Calculating the Wildcard Mask (9.1.3.3) 564 Wildcard Mask Keywords (9.1.3.4) 565 Wildcard Bit Mask Keywords 566 Examples Wildcard Mask Keywords (9.1.3.5) 567 The any and host Keywords 567 Guidelines for ACL Creation (9.1.4) 568 General Guidelines for Creating ACLs (9.1.4.1) 568 ACL Best Practices (9.1.4.2) 569 Guidelines for ACL Placement (9.1.5) 570 Where to Place ACLs (9.1.5.1) 570 Standard ACL Placement (9.1.5.2) 571 Extended ACL Placement (9.1.5.3) 573 Standard IPv4 ACLs (9.2) 574 Entering Criteria Statements (9.2.1.1) 574 Configuring a Standard ACL - Standard ACL Logic (9.2.1.2) 575 Configuring a Standard ACL - Configuring Standard ACLs (9.2.1.3) 576 Internal Logic (9.2.1.4) 578 Applying Standard ACLs to Interfaces - Standard ACL Configuration Procedures (9.2.1.5, 9.2.1.6) 579 Creating Named Standard ACLs (9.2.1.7) 582 Commenting ACLs (9.2.1.8) 584 Modify IPv4 ACLs (9.2.2) 586 Editing Standard Numbered ACLs (9.2.2.1, 9.2.2.2) 586 Method 1: Using a Text Editor 586 Method 2: Using the Sequence Number 587 Editing Standard Named ACLs (9.2.2.3) 589 Verifying ACLs (9.2.2.4) 590 ACL Statistics (9.2.2.5) 591 Standard ACL Sequence Numbers (9.2.2.6) 592 Securing VTY Ports with a Standard IPv4 ACL (9.2.3) 595 Configuring a Standard ACL to Secure a VTY Port (9.2.3.1) 595 Verifying a Standard ACL Used to Secure a VTY Port (9.2.3.2) 596 Structure of an Extended IPv4 ACL (9.3.1) 598 Extended ACLs - Testing Packets with Extended ACLs (9.3.1.1) 598 Extended ACLs - Testing for Ports and Services (9.3.1.2) 599 Configure Extended IPv4 ACLs (9.3.2) 601 Configuring Extended ACLs (9.3.2.1) 601 Applying Extended ACLs to Interfaces (9.3.2.2) 603 Filtering Traffic with Extended ACLs (9.3.2.3) 605 Creating Named Extended ACLs (9.3.2.4) 606 Verifying Extended ACLs (9.3.2.5) 607 Editing Extended ACLs (9.3.2.6) 608 Troubleshoot ACLs (9.4) 611 Inbound and Outbound ACL Logic (9.4.1.1) 611 ACL Logic Operations (9.4.1.2) 613 Standard ACL Decision Process (9.4.1.3) 614 Extended ACL Decision Process (9.4.1.4) 615 Common ACL Errors (9.4.2) 616 Troubleshooting Common ACL Errors - Example 1 (9.4.2.1) 616 Troubleshooting Common ACL Errors - Example 2 (9.4.2.2) 617 Troubleshooting Common ACL Errors - Example 3 (9.4.2.3) 618 Troubleshooting Common ACL Errors - Example 4 (9.4.2.4) 619 Troubleshooting Common ACL Errors - Example 5 (9.4.2.5) 619 IPv6 ACLs (9.5) 621 Type of IPv6 ACLs (9.5.1.1) 621 Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 ACLs (9.5.1.2) 621 Configuring IPv6 Topology (9.5.2.1) 623 Configuring IPv6 ACLs (9.5.2.2) 625 Applying an IPv6 ACL to an Interface (9.5.2.3) 627 IPv6 ACL Examples (9.5.2.4) 628 Deny FTP 629 Restricted Access 629 Verifying IPv6 ACLs (9.5.2.5) 630 Summary (9.6) 633 Practice 635 Class Activities 635 Labs 635 Packet Tracer Activities 635 Check Your Understanding Questions 636 Chapter 10 DHCP 639 Objectives 639 Key Terms 639 Introduction (10.0.1.1) 640 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol v4 (10.1) 641 Introducing DHCPv4 (10.1.1.1) 641 DHCPv4 Operation (10.1.1.2) 642 Lease Origination 642 Lease Renewal 644 DHCPv4 Message Format (10.1.1.3) 645 DHCPv4 Discover and Offer Messages (10.1.1.4) 646 Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server (10.1.2) 648 Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server (10.1.2.1) 648 DHCPv4 Example 651 Disabling DHCPv4 651 Verifying DHCPv4 (10.1.2.2) 651 DHCPv4 Relay (10.1.2.3) 655 What Is DHCP Relay? 655 Configure DHCPv4 Client (10.1.3) 659 Configuring a Router as DHCPv4 Client (10.1.3.1) 659 Configuring a SOHO Router as a DHCPv4 Client (10.1.3.2) 660 Troubleshoot DHCPv4 (10.1.4) 661 Troubleshooting Tasks (10.1.4.1) 661 Troubleshooting Task 1: Resolve IPv4 Address Conflicts 662 Troubleshooting Task 2: Verify Physical Connectivity 662 Troubleshooting Task 3: Test Connectivity Using a Static IP Address 662 Troubleshooting Task 4: Verify Switch Port Configuration 662 Troubleshooting Task 5: Test DHCPv4 Operation on the Same Subnet or VLAN 663 Verify Router DHCPv4 Configuration (10.1.4.2) 663 Debugging DHCPv4 (10.1.4.3) 664 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol v6 (10.2) 665 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) (10.2.1.1) 665 SLAAC Operation (10.2.1.2) 666 SLAAC and DHCPv6 (10.2.1.3) 668 SLAAC Option (10.2.1.4) 669 SLAAC Option (Router Advertisement Only) 669 Stateless DHCPv6 Option (10.2.1.5) 670 Stateless DHCPv6 Option (Router Advertisement and DHCPv6) 670 Stateful DHCPv6 Option (10.2.1.6) 671 Stateful DHCPv6 (DHCPv6 Only) 671 DHCPv6 Operations (10.2.1.7) 671 DHCPv6 Communications 672 Stateless DHCPv6 (10.2.2) 673 Configuring a Router as a Stateless DHCPv6 Server (10.2.2.1) 673 DHCPv6 Stateless Server Example 674 Configuring a Router as a Stateless DHCPv6 Client (10.2.2.2) 675 Verifying Stateless DHCPv6 (10.2.2.3) 675 Verifying the Stateless DHCPv6 Server 675 Verifying the Stateless DHCPv6 Client 676 Stateful DHCPv6 Server (10.2.3) 678 Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Server (10.2.3.1) 678 DHCPv6 Stateful Server Example 679 Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Client (10.2.3.2) 679 Verifying Stateful DHCPv6 (10.2.3.3) 680 Verifying the Stateful DHCPv6 Client 681 Configuring a Router as a DHCPv6 Relay Agent (10.2.3.4) 682 Configuring the DHCPv6 Relay Agent 683 Troubleshoot DHCPv6 (10.2.4) 683 Troubleshooting Tasks (10.2.4.1) 683 Troubleshooting Task 1. Resolve Conflicts 684 Troubleshooting Task 2. Verify Allocation Method 684 Troubleshooting Task 3. Test with a Static IPv6 Address 684 Troubleshooting Task 4. Verify Switch Port Configuration 684 Troubleshooting Task 5. Test DHCPv6 Operation on the Same Subnet or VLAN 684 Verify Router DHCPv6 Configuration (10.2.4.2) 685 Stateful DHCPv6 685 Stateless DHCPv6 685 Debugging DHCPv6 (10.2.4.3) 686 Summary (10.3) 688 Practice 690 Class Activities 690 Packet Tracer Activities 690 Check Your Understanding Questions 691 Chapter 11 Network Address Translation for IPv4 695 Objectives 695 Key Terms 695 Introduction (11.0.1.1) 696 NAT Operation (11.1) 697 IPv4 Private Address Space (11.1.1.1) 697 What Is NAT? (11.1.1.2) 698 NAT Terminology (11.1.1.3, 11.1.1.4) 699 How NAT Works (11.1.1.5) 702 Types of NAT (11.1.2) 703 Static NAT (11.1.2.1) 703 Dynamic NAT (11.1.2.2) 704 Port Address Translation (PAT) (11.1.2.3) 705 Next Available Port (11.1.2.4) 706 Comparing NAT and PAT (11.1.2.5) 707 Packets Without a Layer 4 Segment 708 Benefits of NAT (11.1.3) 709 Benefits of NAT (11.1.3.1) 709 Disadvantages of NAT (11.1.3.2) 710 Configuring NAT (11.2) 710 Configuring Static NAT (11.2.1.1) 711 Analyzing Static NAT (11.2.1.2) 713 Verifying Static NAT (11.2.1.3) 714 Configuring Dynamic NAT (11.2.2) 716 Dynamic NAT Operation (11.2.2.1) 716 Configuring Dynamic NAT (11.2.2.2) 717 Analyzing Dynamic NAT (11.2.2.3) 719 Verifying Dynamic NAT (11.2.2.4) 721 Configuring Port Address Translation (PAT) (11.2.3) 724 Configuring PAT: Address Pool (11.2.3.1) 724 Configuring PAT for a Pool of Public IP Addresses 724 Configuring PAT: Single Address (11.2.3.2) 726 Analyzing PAT (11.2.3.3) 727 PC to Server Process 728 Server to PC Process 729 Verifying PAT (11.2.3.4) 730 Port Forwarding (11.2.4) 731 SOHO Example (11.2.4.2) 733 Configuring Port Forwarding with IOS (11.2.4.3) 734 Configuring NAT and IPv6 (11.2.5) 736 NAT for IPv6? (11.2.5.1) 737 IPv6 Unique Local Addresses (11.2.5.2) 738 NAT for IPv6 (11.2.5.3) 739 Troubleshooting NAT (11.3) 740 Troubleshooting NAT: show Commands (11.3.1.1) 740 Troubleshooting NAT: debug Command (11.3.1.2) 742 Case Study (11.3.1.3) 744 Case Study 1 744 Summary (11.4) 747 Practice 748 Class Activities 748 Labs 748 Packet Tracer Activities 749 Check Your Understanding Questions 749 Appendix A Answers to the "Check Your Understanding" Questions 755 Glossary 771 TOC, 9781587133183, 1/21/2014

Szczegóły: Routing and Switching Essentials Companion Guide - Cisco Networking Academy

Tytuł: Routing and Switching Essentials Companion Guide
Autor: Cisco Networking Academy
Producent: Cisco Press
ISBN: 9781587133183
Rok produkcji: 2014
Ilość stron: 864
Oprawa: Twarda
Waga: 1.68 kg

Recenzje: Routing and Switching Essentials Companion Guide - Cisco Networking Academy