Opis: Hydraulic Fracturing - Carl Montgomery, Michael Berry Smith

Hydraulic Fracturing effectively busts the myths associated with hydraulic fracturing. It explains how to properly engineer and optimize a hydraulically fractured well by selecting the right materials, evaluating the economic benefits of the project, and ensuring the safety and success of the people, environment, and equipment. From data estimation to design, operation, and performance management, the text presents a logical, step-by-step process for hydraulic fracturing that aids in proper engineering decision making when stimulating a particular reservoir. Numerous problem sets reinforce the learning and aid in risk assessment. Additional material is available from the CRC Press website. "Hydraulic fracturing is becoming more and more prevalent in connection with the development of unconventional resources all over the world. Understanding the mechanisms associated with this type of completion method and [possessing] knowledge related to state-of-the-art, full 3D fracturing design modeling tools are mandatory for this industry. Unfortunately, the stimulation industry still relies on simplistic and plain wrong modeling and, hence, this book can make a difference. ... It represents an update on fracturing technology." -Arthur Bale, Statoil, Bergen, Norway "This book definitely fills an important role of providing practical hydraulic fracturing field experience. The authors clearly explain the sometimes deviations from theoretical predictions. In addition, chapter 15 contains exceptional discussions on shale stimulations and horizontal completions." -Jean-Claude Roegiers, Professor Emeritus, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA "...definitely a book that all young fracture engineers should have at their side. The book is very well laid out and can be used as a workflow for designing fracture treatments. Its practical writing style makes it easy to understand and comments within the text on potential problem areas are an invaluable source of knowledge." -Kirk Bartko, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Dhahran "... presents a logical, step-by-step process, ... effectively busting the myths associated with hydraulic fracturing." -SirReadalot.org, October 21, 2015History, Introduction, and How a Treatment Is Conducted Introduction Fracture Geometry Fracturing Fluids Proppants Treatment Design Modern Treatment Design Process Additional Comments References Definitions and Simple Geometry Models Introduction What Is Fracturing? Why Fracture? Treatment Design Variables References Design Variables Design Parameters: Fracture Height Design Parameters: Modulus (E) Design Parameters: Fluid Loss ("C" and Spurt) References Rock Stresses Introduction History Vertical Stress Horizontal Stress In Situ Stress Direction In Situ Stress Differences In Situ Stress Measurement Proppant Stress Wellbore Breakdown References Petrophysics Depth Primary Logs References Post-Frac Performance Fracture Length or Conductivity? Equivalent Wellbore Radius Folds of Increase Acid Transient Flow References Treatment Scheduling Introduction Perfect Support Fluids Banking Fluids Tip Screen-Out Fracturing Time-Temperature Fluid History Unexpected Design Flaws or "Gotchas" References Additional References Frac Pressure Analysis History Similarity to Pressure Transient Analysis Closure Pressure Treating Pressure (PNet) Analysis PDL Analysis Analysis for Reservoir Parameters (After-Closure Analysis) Acknowledgment Application and Examples Low Permeability Moderate/High Permeability "G" Function QLoss: Fluid Loss Rate Fracture Stiffness "G" Function "G" Function Plot for DELTAP* References Additional References Engineering the Fluid Introduction History Types of Fracturing Fluids Characterization of Fracturing Fluids Proppant Fall Rates Viscosity and Fracture-Treating Pressure References Additional References Fracturing Fluid Components Water Clay Control Agents Friction Reducers Gelling Agents Oil-Based Fluids Breakers Viscosity Stabilizers Buffers Surfactants/Mutual Solvents Biocides/Bactericides References Additional References Proppants Introduction History of Proppant Conductivity Proppant Conductivity Corrections Proppant Size and Placement Proppant Concentration References Additional References Perforating Introduction Completion Strategies References Additional References Acid Fracturing Introduction Selecting Acid Fluids Treatment Techniques Carbonate Acid Chemistry Acid Reaction Rate Reaction Rate Laboratory Testing Acid Mass Transport Fluid Loss Wormholes Natural Fracture Fluid Loss Acid-Etched Conductivity Additives Placement/Diversion Design Examples References Selected References Fracture Diagnostics Introduction Post-Frac Logging Microseismic Monitoring Tiltmeters References Special Topics: Shale/Horizontal Well Fracturing, Frac Packing, and Waste Disposal Shale/Horizontal Well Fracturing Frac Packing (Fracturing in Sand Control Environments) Key Elements Using Hydraulic Fracturing for Waste Disposal Wellbore Breakdown Calculations Elastic Analysis for an Open Hole Nonpenetrating Fluid Penetrating Fluid Tensile Failure Mechanism References Quality Control Introduction Pre-Job Planning Qualifying Source Water Acid Quality Checks Base Oil Quality Control of Proppants On-Location Activities Diagnostic Testing During the Job Post-Frac Initial Flowback Energized Fluids Post-Job Evaluation Back in the Office Calculations References Additional References Quality Control and Testing of Water-Based Fracturing Fluids Friction Reducers/Slick Water Friction Reduces Stability and Water Compatibility Linear Gels Cross-Linked Gels Viscoelastic Surfactants Energized Fluids Quality Control and Testing of Oil-Based Fluids Qualifying Base Oil Gelled Oil Systems Generic Procedures/Guidelines for a Step-Rate Test/Step-Down Test Step-Rate Test (Used to Measure Fracture Extension Pressure) Step-Down Test (Used to Measure Friction vs. Pump Rate) Hydraulic Fracture Design Data Needs Introduction Reservoir Data Log Data Geologic Data Fracturing Data Additional Reference Example Design Well History Log Data Reservoir Data Reservoir Fluid Data Core Data Future Production Conditions References Glossary and Terms Basic Relations Data Needs/Data Sources References Additional References Problems Prue #1 Prue #1-Suggested Solution Janie Bea Janie Bea: Shallow Gas Zone Final Design CCCruz #1 CCCruz #1 Wilcox Low-Permeability Gas Well Reference Index

Szczegóły: Hydraulic Fracturing - Carl Montgomery, Michael Berry Smith

Tytuł: Hydraulic Fracturing
Autor: Carl Montgomery, Michael Berry Smith
Wydawnictwo: CRC Press Inc.
ISBN: 9781466566859
Rok wydania: 2015
Ilość stron: 812
Oprawa: Twarda
Waga: 1.5 kg

Recenzje: Hydraulic Fracturing - Carl Montgomery, Michael Berry Smith